Abstract: Gastrointestinal tract is a microecosystem which is inhabited by the largest number of microbiota with most powerful function in human body. The dysbiosis of gastrointestinal microbiota is closely related to the pathogenesis and progression of many diseases. Helicobacter pylori,well-known to us,is a pathogen in stomach. As for the management of H. pylori infection, many international guideline or local consensus have clearly suggested the therapeutic regimens,including H. pylori inhibition with proton pump inhibitor and H. pylori eradication with two antibiotics. As the deepening understanding of H. pylori infection and more common use of its therapeutic regimens,more attention have been paid to whether H. pylori eradication would influence the dysbiosis of gastrointestinal microbiota and related consequences. This paper gives a review of related literatures and summarizes my viewpoints.