Objective To analyze the monitoring data of rabies in the pastoral areas of Yushu prefecture, Qinghai province, from 2013 to 2017, discuss the epidemiological characteristics of rabies and provide evidence for the rabies prevention and control in pastoral areas.

Methods The surveillance data of the rabies in Yushu from 2013 to 2017 were collected and analyzed and the information about dog biting were collected by using questionnaire.

Results From 2013 to 2017, a total of 252 cases of dog biting were reported in Yushu, and 5 confirmed rabies cases occurred in 2 males and 3 females. Averagely, 63 dog biting cases occurred each year. The incidence was 1.98/100 000, and case fatality rate was 100%. The interval between onset and death was short (averagely 3–4 days). The incubation period was longer in cases with biting on lower limbs. The detection rates of rabies virus in human and wolf brain samples and cattle spinal marrow samples were all 100%. Of 5 rabies cases, 4 died within 1–7 days after exposure, and 1 died after 7 days of exposure. In addition, 5 cases of one dog biting multi people were reported, involving 16 persons and causing 5 deaths (4 deaths after street dog bite, 1 death after domestic dog bite). All the 11 persons who had grade Ⅱ exposure survived due to timely post exposure treatment. Dog biting mainly occurred during November–April.

Conclusion From 2013 to 2017, the incidence of rabies in the pastoral areas of Yushu was in increase. The frequency of close contact between the wild host of rabies and livestock and human greatly increased. The poor management of dogs and low standard post exposure treatment rate were the main reasons for the increased incidence of rabies.