Abstract: A field epidemiological survey and laboratory tests were conducted for an outbreak of hepatitis C virus infection in hemodialysis patients in a hospital and provide reference for the prevention and control of hepatitis C infection in hospital. This hepatitis C virus infection outbreak involved 78 hemodialysis patients, and 39 patients were diagnosed with hepatitis C. Field survey found that there was no special arrangement for the hemodialysis for hepatitis B and hepatitis C patients, some patients shared heparin syringe, some disinfection procedures of dialyzer were not standardized in the hospital, these were the main causes of this outbreak.