ObjectiveTo analyze the genetic evolution and epidemiologic characteristics of Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) since its discovery and the incidence and geographic distribution of Rift Valley fever (RVF) in the world, and provide evidence for the prevention and control of RVF.

MethodsDescriptive epidemiological methods were used to collect and analyze the information about epidemic of RVF in the world; whole genomic sequences of viruses with clear isolation time and region were selected, and the BEAST 2 software packages was used for phylogenetic analysis, and the time and space distribution analysis were performed.

ResultsBy 2018, RVF outbreaks had been reported in 22 countries, a total of 39 404 cases, including 2 323 deaths, had been reported in the world. Whole genomic sequences of 183 S fragments, 138 M fragments, and 135 L fragments of RVFV were selected. Phylogenetic analysis showed that RVFV S, M and L segments can be classified into seven lineages (A–G). Lineage A and B were the main lineages causing three pandemics. Cross border transmission of the virus is in increase, and an imported case from Angola to China was detected in 2016.

ConclusionRVFV is widely distributed in Africa, but the severity of the virus spread is underestimated. In the context of increasing cross border transmission, it is necessary to strengthen the laboratory and epidemiologic surveillance for RVFV, information collection and release and improve political attention and public awareness for the prevention and control of the disease to protect people's health.