2014－2019年辽宁省医务人员肺结核特征分析

毛宁; 钟威; 丁红芳; 蒋轶文

doi:10.3784/jbjc.202106160339

2014－2019年辽宁省医务人员肺结核特征分析

Characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in medical staff in Liaoning, 2014–2019

摘要

摘要:
目的了解辽宁省医务人员肺结核登记发病情况，分析其流行病学特征，为制定针对医护人员的有效防护策略提供依据。
方法收集2014—2019年登记肺结核患者中医务人员的数据信息，进行描述性流行病学分析。
结果 2014—2019年共登记医务人员肺结核患者537例，其中利福平耐药患者19例，病原学阳性患者94例，病原学阴性患者354例，无病原学结果的70例。专科医院医务人员肺结核登记率高于其他医疗机构（χ²=282.18，P<0.05）。 6年来医务人员肺结核平均年登记率为31.19/10万，呈上升趋势（χ²=10.01，P<0.05）。辽宁省各市均有病例登记，第一季度发病患者占比较高（34.45%），登记患者男、女性别比为1∶3.07。医务人员肺结核患者平均年龄为33.56岁，年龄中位数为30岁，25～34岁年龄组占比最高（47.30％）。从出现症状至首次就诊间隔时间>２周的患者所占比例为55.68%。结核病专科医院与其他医疗机构医务人员肺结核患者就诊延迟率差异无统计学意义（χ²=0.69，P>0.05），医务人员肺结核患者就诊延迟率低于同期所有肺结核患者就诊延迟率（χ²=7.27，P<0.05）。
结论医务人员处于感染结核的高风险环境，其结核病患者就诊延误率高，应加强医疗机构预防控制措施并开展针对医务人员的健康宣教工作。

Abstract:
Objective To understand the registered incidence and epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in medical staff in Liaoning province and provide evidence for the development of effective protective countermeasures for medical staff.
Methods The incidence data of TB in medical staff in Liaoning from 2014 to 2019 were collected for a descriptive epidemiological analysis.
Results From 2014 to 2019, a total of 537 pulmonary TB cases were registered in medical staff in Liaoning, including 19 cases of rifampicin-resistant TB, 94 cases of etiologic positive pulmonary TB, 354 cases of etiologic negative pulmonary TB and 70 cases without etiologic results. The registration rate of pulmonary TB in medical staff in TB hospitals was higher than that in medical staff of other medical institutions (χ²=282.18, P<0.05). In the past 6 years, the average annual registration rate of pulmonary TB in medical staff was 31.19/100 000, with an increasing trend (χ²=10.01, P<0.05). TB cases were registered in all the areas in Liaoning, with a relatively high proportion of the cases in the first quarter (34.45%), and the male to female ratio of the cases was 1∶3.07. The average age of pulmonary TB cases in medical staff was 33.56 years, and the median age was 30 years. The cases in age group 25–34 years accounted for the highest proportion (47.30%). The cases with the interval between onset and the first medical care seeking ＞2 weeks accounted for 55.68%. There was no significant difference in medical care seeking delay rate between medical staff in TB hospitals and medical staff in other medical institutions (χ²=0.69, P>0.05), and the medical care seeking delay rate in medical staff was lower than that in general population during the same period (χ²=7.27, P<0.05).
Conclusion Medical staff are at high-risk for TB, and the medical care seeking delay rate of medical staff was high. It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of TB in medical institutions and carry out health education about TB prevention and control in medical staff.

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