Abstract: In order to summarize the experience and lessons of the disease prevention and control system in dealing with COVID-19 and other public health emergencies, the weak links of the public health emergency management system were found. This paper analyzes the contribution of the public health system to people's health, reviews the historical process of the establishment, development, impact, transformation and reform of the disease prevention and control system, analyzes the difficulties and problems existing in the disease prevention and control system, and puts forward the next reform suggestions. At present, the mixed epidemic of new and old infectious diseases poses new and huge challenges to the public health system. There are a series of difficulties and challenges in disease prevention and control institutions, such as insufficient funding, unclear functions and responsibilities, serious separation of “medical” and “prevention”, insufficient total number of public health personnel, low level of treatment guarantee, weak network, aging team, and weakened prevention and control of acute infectious diseases. Therefore, we must keep in mind the Chinese communist party’s original heart of wholeheartedly striving for the people's health, attach importance to prevention first, strengthen the construction of disease prevention and control system, solve the weakness of acute infectious disease prevention and control function of CDC institutions from the institutional mechanism, increase the investment in infectious disease prevention and control of CDC institutions, improve the monitoring and early warning, improve the field epidemiological investigation ability, make up for the weakness of disinfection and vector control, speed up the implementation of medical prevention integration, and improve the ability of disease control institutions to undertake emergency public health work.