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摘要:
目的 调查广东省广州市一起与航空器有关的新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）聚集性疫情，探讨病例感染来源。 方法 以广州市某入境航班报告的COVID-19病例为研究对象，采用回顾性调查方法，使用统一调查表，以现场和电话调查相结合的方式对航班累计报告的病例进行线索追踪和个案调查，通过回顾性队列研究探索可能的感染危险因素。 结果 该航班共有乘客211人，机组人员14人，累计报告COVID-19确诊病例和无症状感染者31例，均为乘客，发病率为14.69%（31/211），其中确诊病例11例，无症状感染者20例。 病例以GC公司员工为主23例（74.19%）。 回顾性队列研究提示和外国人接触频率高、与感染者同住是本次疫情病例发病的危险因素，其中接触频率高的人员感染风险是接触频率低或不接触人员的6倍左右，与感染者同住人员的感染风险是不和感染者同住人员的11倍左右［risk ratio（RR）=11.500，95% 置信区间（95%CI）为1.835～72.069］。 结论 在本次事件中，报告病例在境外国家感染后通过乘同一航班输入我国广州市的可能性高，因共同暴露于同一航班而感染的可能性低，但在乘坐航空器期间仍需做好个人防护以有效降低因航空器共同暴露传播的风险。 Abstract:Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and explore source of infection of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases imported through an inbound air flight from Kenya to Guangzhou, China. Methods Using a standardized questionnaire, we collected information of the travelers’ demographic characteristics and illness before, during, and after the flight. We also collected data about the factors potentially associated with COVID-19 transmission during the flight by retrospective cohort study. Results There were 211 passengers and 14 crew members on the flight. A total of 31 COVID-19 patients were diagnosed among all passengers, in which 11 (35.48%) were symptomatic and 20 (64.52%) were asymptomatic. The attack rate was 14.69% (31/211). The cases were mainly the employees of GC Company. Retrospective cohort study suggested that high frequency of contact with foreigners or sharing rooms with COVID-19 cases in the Republic of Congo were risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection. The risk ratios were 6.250 for the passengers high frequency of contact with foreigners (95% CI: 1.095–35.682) and 11.500 for the passengers sharing rooms with COVID-19 cases (95% CI: 1.835–72.069) and. Conclusion The cases detected in this flight might be infected outside China, and the possibility of being infected due to the exposure in the flight was low. But it is still necessary to take effective personal protection in airplanes. -
Key words:
- Coronavirus disease 2019 /
- Imported case /
- Outbreak investigation
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图 1 本研究病例航班座位分布图
注：红色为确诊病例，黄色为无症状感染者；图中日期为采样日期（月–日）；虚线方框内为GC公司员工坐位区域
Figure 1. Seat distribution of cases on the flight
表 1 GC公司人员感染危险因素分析
Table 1. Analysis on risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection in employees of GC company
相关因素 感染组（n=29） 未感染组（n=8） 合计（n=37） P值 RR值 RR值的95%CI 例数 发病率（%） 例数 发病率（%） 年龄组（岁） 0.999 1.231 0.257～5.900 20～50a 13 76.47 4 23.53 17 >50 16 80.00 4 20.00 20 工种 0.685 0.545 0.093～3.194 木工a 11 84.62 2 15.38 13 其他 18 75.00 6 25.00 24 接种疫苗 0.026 0.060 0.005～0.693 是 1 25.00 3 75.00 4 否a 28 84.85 5 15.15 33 在刚果（金）和病例同住 0.008 11.500 1.835～72.069 是 23 92.00 2 8.00 25 否a 6 50.00 6 50.00 12 在肯尼亚和病例同住 0.655 0.449 0.047～4.308 是 22 75.86 7 24.14 29 否a 7 87.50 1 12.50 8 在刚果（金）与外国人的接触（次/d） 0.049 6.250 1.095～35.682 不接触或较少接触（<1）a 4 50.00 4 50.00 8 经常接触（≥1） 25 86.21 4 13.79 29 在飞机上的防护情况 佩戴口罩 29 78.38 8 21.62 37 − − 穿防护服 23 82.14 5 17.86 28 0.373 2.300 0.424～12.465 佩戴手套 23 82.14 5 17.86 28 0.373 1.278 0.204～8.008 在飞机上的暴露情况 进食 22 75.86 7 24.14 29 0.655 0.449 0.047～4.308 使用洗手间 17 80.95 4 19.05 21 0.428 1.417 0.295～6.814 注：a. 参照组；−. 病例和对照均佩戴口罩，故无法计算RR值 
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