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2005－2020年新疆塔城地区棘球蚴病的流行情况和分布特征

Prevalence and distribution of echinococcosis in Tacheng, Xinjiang, 2005−2020

    摘要
  • 摘要:
      目的  收集、整理和分析2005—2020年新疆维吾尔自治区（新疆）塔城地区棘球蚴病的流行情况和三间分布特征，为当地制定棘球蚴病的防治措施提供科学依据。
      方法  通过国家传染病报告信息管理系统，收集2005—2020年新疆塔城地区棘球蚴病报告病例资料，用Excel 2007软件和SPSS 17.0 软件，采用χ2检验与Fisher确切概率法对棘球蚴病病例的地区、年龄、性别及职业等分布特征进行统计学处理和分析。
      结果  2005—2020年新疆塔城地区共报告棘球蚴病2 356例，年平均发病率为14.39/10万，以2017年发病率最高，为29.27/10万，季度分布差异存在统计学意义（χ2=172.75， P<0.05），第一、四季度报告病例数明显高于第二、三季度；男女性别比约为1.09∶1，性别构成差异无统计学意义（χ2=11.88，P>0.05）；年龄范围为2～90岁，平均年龄为38岁；职业以农牧民占比最高，累计报告1 416例（60.10%）；各县（市）包括额敏县、裕民县、托里县、乌苏市、和布克赛尔蒙古自治县、沙湾市和塔城市均有病例报告，其中托里县的年平均发病率最高，为45.80/10万（累计报告436例，占比18.51%），不同地区发病情况差异有统计学意义（χ2=311.98，P<0.05）；报告病例中2 163例（91.81%）由各级医院报告。
      结论  2005—2020年新疆塔城地区棘球蚴病发病率总体上升，2017年后逐年下降。发病人群主要为牧区及半农半牧区从事农业和养殖业的青壮年和壮年，在全面落实该病防控措施的同时，应当加强重点人群关于棘球蚴病的健康教育，坚持医防结合的模式，切实做到棘球蚴病的早发现早诊断早治疗。

     

    Abstract:
      Objective  To understand the prevalence and distribution of echinococcosis in Tacheng, Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, from 2005 to 2020, and provide evidence for the local prevention and treatment of echinococcosis.
      Methods  The data of echinococcosis cases reported in Tacheng from 2005 to 2020 were collected from national infectious disease reporting information management system. Excel 2007 and SPSS 17.0 were used to analyze the distribution of echinococcosis cases by area, age, gender and population.
      Results  A total of 2 356 cases of echinococcosis were reported in Tacheng from 2005 to 2020. The average annual incidence was 14.39/100 000, and the highest incidence was 29.27/100 000 in 2017. There was a statistical difference in the quarter distribution of the cases (χ2=172.75, P<0.05), the number of reported cases in the first and fourth quarters was significantly higher than that in the second and third quarters; The gender ratio was about 1.09∶1, and there was no significant difference in gender distribution of the cases ( χ2=11.88, P>0.05). The age of the cases ranged from 2 to 90 years with an average age of 38 years. The cases in farmers and herdsmen (1416 cases) accounted for the highest proportion (60.10%). The cases were reported in Tacheng, Emin, Yumin, Toli, Wusu, Shawan, and Buxel. The annual average incidence in Toli was highest (45.80/100 000), where 436 cases were reported cumulatively, accounting for 18.51% of the total, the differences in incidence among different areas were significant (χ2=311.98, P<0.05). Among the reported cases, 2 163 (91.81%) were reported by hospitals.
      Conclusion  The overall incidence of echinococcosis in Tacheng showed an increase trend from 2005 to 2020 although decline occurred after 2017. The echinococcosis cases were mainly distributed in young adults and adults engaged in agriculture and aquaculture in pastoral areas and semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas. In e prevention and control of echinococcosis, it is necessary to strengthen the health education about echinococcosis in key populations and adhere to the mode of integration of prevention and treatment for the early detection, diagnosis and treatment of echinococcosis.

     

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