曹海兰, 尤小慧, 赵金华, 张华一, 马斌忠, 陈露, 丁小津, 胡玉芬. 1961-2020年青海省法定传染病疾病谱及其变迁规律分析[J]. 疾病监测, 2022, 37(10): 1324-1328. DOI: 10.3784/jbjc.202203100089
引用本文: 曹海兰, 尤小慧, 赵金华, 张华一, 马斌忠, 陈露, 丁小津, 胡玉芬. 1961-2020年青海省法定传染病疾病谱及其变迁规律分析[J]. 疾病监测, 2022, 37(10): 1324-1328. DOI: 10.3784/jbjc.202203100089
Cao Hailan, You Xiaohui, Zhao Jinhua, Zhang Huayi, Ma Binzhong, Chen Lu, Ding Xiaojin, Hu Yufen. Spectrum of notifiable infectious diseases and its change pattern in Qinghai, 1961−2020[J]. Disease Surveillance, 2022, 37(10): 1324-1328. DOI: 10.3784/jbjc.202203100089
Citation: Cao Hailan, You Xiaohui, Zhao Jinhua, Zhang Huayi, Ma Binzhong, Chen Lu, Ding Xiaojin, Hu Yufen. Spectrum of notifiable infectious diseases and its change pattern in Qinghai, 1961−2020[J]. Disease Surveillance, 2022, 37(10): 1324-1328. DOI: 10.3784/jbjc.202203100089

1961-2020年青海省法定传染病疾病谱及其变迁规律分析

Spectrum of notifiable infectious diseases and its change pattern in Qinghai, 1961−2020

  • 摘要:
      目的  分析1961—2020年青海省法定传染病发病情况,了解传染病疾病谱及其变迁规律,为传染病防控提供科学依据。
      方法  通过青海省疫情资料汇编和传染病信息报告管理系统收集数据,采用描述流行病学方法,以发病(死亡)数、发病(死亡)率、定基比和构成比等指标分析1961—2020年青海省传染病流行及疾病谱变化规律,采用Excel 2010及SPSS 20.0软件进行数据整理与分析。
      结果  1961—2020年青海省累计报告法定传染病35种3 951 350例,年均报告发病率为1 530.66/10万。 1971—1980年传染病发病率最高,达5 011.44/10万;1991—2000年最低,为357.64/10万。 2011—2020年与1961—1970年相比,呼吸道传染病、肠道传染病、虫媒及自然疫源性疾病发病率均大幅度下降,分别下降93.33%、95.92%和89.93%;2011—2020年较1981—1990年血液及性传播传染病发病率上升幅度明显。 疾病谱由急性传染病(以流行性感冒、麻疹为主)转变为慢性传染病(以乙型肝炎、肺结核为主),并出现新发、突发传染病(甲型H1N1禽流感和新型冠状病毒肺炎)。
      结论   1961—2020年青海省发病率呈现总体下降趋势;传染病疾病谱以急性传染病(流行性感冒、麻疹)为主向慢性传染病(乙型肝炎、肺结核)和新发、突发传染病过渡。 年代不同,传染病疾病谱不同,要针对传染病疫情釆取针对性的防控措施。 目前要以血源、性传播疾病、肺结核等传染病为主要防控重点,强化新发、突发及输入性传染病防控,继续开展虫媒传染病监测。

     

    Abstract:
      Objective   To analyze the incidence of notifiable infectious diseases in Qinghai province from 1961 to 2020, understand the spectrum of the infectious diseases and its change pattern, and provide evidence for the development of infectious disease prevention and control strategies.
      Methods  The incidence data of notifiable infectious diseases in Qinghai from 1961 to 2020 were collected through the Qinghai Province Epidemic Information Compilation and the Infectious Disease Information Report Management System for a descriptive epidemiological analysis.
      Results  From 1961 to 2020, a total of 3 951 350 cases of 35 types of notifiable infectious diseases were reported in Qinghai with an average annual incidence rate of 1530.66/100 000. The incidence of the infectious diseases was highest during 1971−1980 (5011.44/100 000) and lowest during 1991−2000 (357.64/100 000). Compared with 1961−1970, the incidences of respiratory infectious diseases, intestinal infectious diseases, insect-borne diseases/natural foci-borne diseases decreased significantly by 93.33%, 95.92% and 89.93% respectively, during 2011−2020. And the incidence of blood borne and sexually transmitted diseases increased significantly during 2011−2020 compared with 1981−1990. The disease spectrum has changed from acute infectious diseases (mainly influenza and measles) to chronic infectious diseases (hepatitis B, tuberculosis) and emerging infectious diseases (influenza A pdm09 and COVID-19).
      Conclusion  The overall incidence of notifiable infectious diseases in Qinghai Province showed a downward trend in the past 60 years. The spectrum of the infectious diseases gradually shifted from acute infectious diseases (influenza, measles) to chronic infectious diseases (hepatitis B, tuberculosis) and emerging infectious diseases. It is necessary to take targeted measures for the prevention and control of the infectious diseases in different period. At present, the main focus of the disease prevention and control should be on blood-borne and sexually transmitted diseases, and tuberculosis. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of emerging and imported infectious diseases. The surveillance for insect-borne infectious disease needs to be continued.

     

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