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摘要:
目的 分析新疆维吾尔自治区(新疆)不同地区孕产妇乙型肝炎(乙肝)检测、感染情况和时空分布,为制定乙肝防控政策和措施提供参考依据。 方法 利用预防艾滋病、梅毒和乙肝母婴传播信息管理系统监测数据,使用SPSS 25.0和Geoda 1.14软件,分析2013-2021年新疆孕产妇乙肝检测率、检测阳性率年度变化和检测阳性率时空分布特征。 结果 2013-2021年新疆孕产妇乙肝检测率从93.68%提升到了99.99%,孕期乙肝检测率从69.33%提升到了99.40%,乙肝感染孕产妇所生新生儿的乙肝免疫球蛋白注射率从96.11%提升到了99.79%,孕产妇乙肝检测阳性率从2013年的2.60%下降到2021年的2.36%。 乙肝平均检测阳性率最高的3个地区分别是博尔塔拉蒙古自治州、克拉玛依市和巴音郭楞蒙古自治州,均超过了3.40%,较低的3个地区为和田地区、阿勒泰地区和阿克苏地区,低于1.70%。 Moran's I分析显示新疆孕产妇的乙肝感染未出现空间聚集现象。 结论 新疆孕产妇乙肝检测率保持较高水平,孕期检测率逐年上升;孕产妇乙肝检测阳性率虽略有降低,但未呈下降趋势 ,并且地区间差异较大,呈区域随机性分布。应加强孕产妇人群的乙肝感染防控,进一步减少乙肝母婴传播。 Abstract:Objective To analyze the detection, prevalence and spatiotemporal distribution of hepatitis B in pregnant women in different areas of Xinjiang and provide evidence for the hepatitis B prevention and control in pregnant women. Methods The data were collected from the information management system for preventing mother to child transmission of AIDS, syphilis and hepatitis B, and software SPSS 25.0 and Geoda 1.14 were used to analyze the annual changes of detection rate, positive detection rate and spatiotemporal distribution of positive detection rate of hepatitis B in pregnant women in Xinjiang from 2013 to 2021. Results From 2013 to 2021, the detection rate of hepatitis B in pregnant women in Xinjiang increased from 93.68% to 99.99%, the detection rate of HBsAg during pregnancy increased from 69.33% to 99.40%, the injection rate of hepatitis B immunoglobulin in newborns of mothers with hepatitis B increased from 96.11% to 99.79%, and the positive detection rate in pregnant women decreased from 2.60% in 2013 to 2.36% in 2021. Three areas with high average hepatitis B positive detection rates were Boertala, Karamay and Bayingoleng prefectures, with positive rates exceeding 3.40%, while the three areas with low average hepatitis B positive detection rates were Hotan, Altay and Aksu, with positive rates below 1.70%. Moran index analysis showed no spatial clustering of hepatitis B cases in pregnant women in Xinjiang. Conclusion The detection rate of hepatitis B in pregnant women in Xinjiang remained to be high, and the detection rate during pregnancy increased year by year. Although the positive detection rate of hepatitis B in pregnant women decreased slightly, it did not show a downward trend, and there were large area specific differences, showing an area specific random distribution. The prevention and control of hepatitis B in pregnant women should be strengthened to further reduce the mother to child transmission. -
Key words:
- Maternal /
- Hepatitis B /
- Infection
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表 1 2013-2021年新疆孕产妇HBsAg检测情况
Table 1. HBsAg detection in pregnant women in Xinjiang, 2013−2021
年份 分娩产妇数(例) 总检测 孕期 产时 检测数(例) 检测率(%) 检测数(例) 检测率(%) 检测数(例) 检测率(%) 2013 450 012 421 566 93.68 312 008 69.33 109 558 24.35 2014 485 950 482 581 99.31 380 647 78.33 101 934 20.98 2015 435 222 433 406 99.58 362 016 83.18 71 390 16.40 2016 360 684 359 491 99.67 319 783 88.66 39 708 11.01 2017 288 186 287 594 99.79 265 319 92.07 22 275 7.73 2018 205 791 205 640 99.93 195 748 95.12 9 892 4.81 2019 185 301 185 273 99.98 179 897 97.08 5 376 2.90 2020 165 659 165 560 99.94 162 970 98.38 2 590 1.56 2021 147 892 147 880 99.99 147 007 99.40 873 0.59 χ2值 41 311.80 190 611.88 149 058.46 P值 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 表 2 2013-2021年新疆孕产妇乙肝检测阳性率
Table 2. Positive detection rate of hepatitis B in pregnant women in Xinjiang, 2013−2021
年份 孕产妇检测数(例) 孕产妇 阳性数(例) 阳性率(%) 2013 490 542 12 748 2.60 2014 519 329 12 569 2.42 2015 457 391 12 321 2.69 2016 378 226 9 688 2.56 2017 303 821 7 717 2.54 2018 224 698 6 212 2.76 2019 209 115 5 860 2.80 2020 170 429 4 053 2.38 2021 172 794 4 075 2.36 表 3 2013-2021年新疆孕产妇乙肝检测阳性率全局Moran’s I空间自相关分析
Table 3. Global Moran's I spatial autocorrelation analysis on positive hepatitis B detection rate in pregnant women in Xinjiang, 2013–2021
年份 Moran's I值 Z值 P值 2013 0.158 1.422 0.093 2014 0.284 2.325 0.017 2015 0.224 1.990 0.036 2016 0.128 1.363 0.098 2017 0.044 0.884 0.198 2018 −0.031 0.317 0.347 2019 −0.191 −0.671 0.251 2020 −0.020 0.340 0.322 2021 0.045 0.794 0.190 表 4 2013-2021年新疆乙肝感染产妇所生新生儿乙肝免疫球蛋白注射情况
Table 4. Hepatitis B immunoglobulin injection in newborns of mothers with hepatitis B in Xinjiang, 2013 to 2021
年份 感染产妇所生
新生儿数(人)注射免疫球蛋白 新生儿数(人) 注射率(%) 2013 10 664 10 249 96.11 2014 11 403 11 083 97.19 2015 10 971 10 820 98.62 2016 10 720 10 602 98.90 2017 8 995 8 920 99.17 2018 7 470 7 451 99.75 2019 7 018 7 005 99.81 2020 5 654 5 647 99.88 2021 4 840 4 830 99.79 -
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