Objective  To analyze the characteristics of multidrug-resistant/rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis(TB) patients and factors assocoated with treatment effect in Hubei province.

  Methods  Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the characteristics of multidrug-resistant/rifampicin-resistant TB patients in Hubei, and unconditional logistic regression model was used to identify the factors associated with the treatment effect of multidrug-resistant/rifampicin-resistant TB.

  Results  From 2015 to 2021, a total of 3799 patients with multidrug-resistant/rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis were included in the analysis, in whom men, middle-aged people and farmers/migrant workers accounted for 72.91%, 84.71% and 37.06% respectively. The treatment success rate in the patients was 61.30%. Both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis results showed that the proportion of unsuccessful treatment was higher in men, those aged ≥65 years, retreatment cases, farmers/migrant workers, those using no Amikacin/ Capreomycin and those with treatment duration ≤1 year, and all the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).

  Conclusion  Young and middle-aged people, men and famers/migrant workers are key population in the prevention and control of multidrug-resistant/rifampicin-resistant TB in Hubei. In the treatment of multidrug/rifampicin-resistant TB patients, more attention should be paid to those aged ≥65 years, men and farmers/migrant workers, the second-line injectable drugs are suggested to use and identifying the reasons causing shorter treatment duration can improve treatment outcomes.