2017－2021年重庆市沙坪坝区活禽市场外环境禽流感病毒监测分析

杜文静; 王德苗; 陈飞; 肖小月; 唐宇; 刘梦颖; 刘欣容; 周文洁

doi:10.3784/jbjc.202210120444

2017－2021年重庆市沙坪坝区活禽市场外环境禽流感病毒监测分析

Surveillance for avian influenza virus in external environment of live poultry markets in Shapingba district of Chongqing, 2017−2021

摘要

摘要:
目的了解2017—2021年重庆市沙坪坝区活禽市场外环境中禽流感病毒的分布特点。
方法在沙坪坝区21个活禽市场随机采集6类环境样本，包括粪便（肛拭）、笼具表面擦拭标本、案板表面擦拭标本、刀具表面擦拭标本、盛装容器面擦拭标本和洗肉水，共1 200份，采用实时聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）检测通用甲型流感病毒（Flu A），阳性样本进一步进行H5、H7、H9、N9亚型检测，采用SAS 8.2软件进行统计分析。
结果样本中Flu A阳性率达68.50%，H5、H7、H9、N9亚型及未分型总阳性率分别为26.33%、0.17%、45.50%、0.00% 及17.17%，差异有统计学意义（χ²=351.563，P<0.001）。存在H5＋H9（19.83%）、H9＋N9 （0.67%）和H5＋H9＋N9（0.67%）混合型。不同年份、不同季节Flu A阳性率差异有统计学意义（χ²=296.199、 35.350，均P<0.001），Flu A阳性率高峰为第一季度（79.17%）和第二季度（76.67%）。不同地区活禽市场外环境的Flu A核酸阳性率差异无统计学意义（χ²=11.062，P=0.087）；不同环境类型样本中，案板表面擦拭样本Flu A阳性率为72.00%，其次为刀具表面擦拭样本（71.00%），6类环境样本Flu A核酸阳性率差异无统计学意义（χ²= 6.813，P=0.235）。
结论重庆市沙坪坝区活禽市场环境普遍存在禽流感病毒污染，H9亚型是主要的病原体，混合型占一定比例，污染高峰为每年的第一季度和第二季度。应重视H9N9和H5H9等新的重配体和变体出现的情况，加强对活禽市场环境监测，切实做好宰杀摆放禽肉的案板和刀具等区域的消毒清洁工作。

Abstract:
Objective To analyze the contamination of avian influenza virus in the external environment of live poultry markets in Shapingba district of Chongqing from 2017 to 2021.
Methods A total of 1200 environmental samples of 6 kinds, including stool samples (anal swabs) , cage surface swabs, chopping board surface swabs, knife surface swabs, container and washing water samples, were randomly collected from 21 live poultry markets in Shapingba for the detection of influenza A virus by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Positive samples were further tested for H5, H7, H9 and N9 subtypes by sequencing. Statistical analysis was conducted by using SAS 8.2.
Results The overall positive rate of influenza A virus was 68.50%, and the positive rates of subtype H5, H7, H9, N9 and unspecific subtype were 26.33%, 0.17%, 45.50%, 0.00% and 17.17%, respectively, the differences were significant (χ²=315.563, P<0.001). The co-detection rates of H5+H9, H7+H9 and H5+H9+N9 were19.83%, 0.67% and 0.67% respectively. The differences in annual positive rate of influenza A virus were significant (χ²=296.199, P<0.001). The differences in seasonal positive rate of influenza A virus were significant (χ²=35.350, P<0.001). The positive rate of influenza A virus was highest in the first quarter (79.17%), followed by the second quarter (76.76%). There were no significant differences in the positive rate of nucleic acid of influenza A virus among the samples collected from different markets (χ²=11.062, P=0.087). Among the different types of samples, the positive rate in swabs of chopping board surfaces was72.00%, and the positive rate in swabs of knife surfaces was 71.00%. There were no significant differences in the positive rate of influenza A virus nucleic acid among the 6 types of samples (χ²=6.813, P=0.235).
Conclusion Avian influenza virus contamination was common in the external environment of live poultry markets in Shapingba, especially in the first and second quarters of the year, the predominant subtype was H9. Co-infection of subtypes accounted for a certain proportion. Close attention should be paid to the emergence of novel reassortants and variants of avian influenza virus, such as H9N9 and H5H9, etc. It is necessary to strengthen the supervision and management of live poultry markets and conduct regular disinfection in the markets.

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