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摘要:
目的 分析2013—2022年北京市朝阳区流行性感冒(流感)病原学特点及流行趋势,为流感防控提供科学参考。 方法 对2013—2022年送检朝阳区疾病预防控制中心的流感样病例咽拭子进行核酸检测,并用统计学方法分析朝阳区流感监测数据。 结果 共收集哨点医院送检的流感样病例咽拭子27928份,检测出流感病毒核酸阳性标本4415份,总核酸阳性率为15.81%;流感病毒核酸阳性高峰以冬春季为主,不同亚型交替流行。 不同季节流感病毒核酸检测阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ2=3698.274,P<0.001),甲型流感冬季阳性率最高(H1N1 χ2=1238.712,H3N2 χ2=1317.144,P<0.001),乙型流感冬春季阳性率明显高于夏秋季(χ2=1526.712,P<0.001)。 各年龄组阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),其中25~岁病例阳性率最高(21.13%);不同性别流感样病例病毒核酸检测阳性率差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.455,P=0.228)。 结论 北京市朝阳区流感流行期以冬春季为主,不同流感监测年度各流感亚型交替流行,应进一步加强对流感的监测与预警,注意流感优势流行株的变化情况,继续推广流感疫苗接种策略,探索各项防控措施,降低新型冠状病毒肺炎对流感的叠加影响。 Abstract:Objective To analyze the etiological characteristics and incidence trend of influenza in Chaoyang district of Beijing and provide scientific reference for influenza prevention and control. Methods Nucleic acid testing was performed by using the throat swabs from influenza-like illness (ILI) cases submitted to Chaoyang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and the data of influenza surveillance in Chaoyang were analyzed by statistical method. Results A total of 27928 samples of ILI cases were collected, and 4415 positive samples were detected, the positive rate of influenza virus nucleic acid was 15.81%, The positive peak of influenza virus nucleic acid detection was mainly in winter and spring, and different subtype viruses circulated alternately. The differences in positive rate of influenza virus nucleic acid detection in different seasons were significant (χ2=3698.274, P<0.001), Influenza A (H1N1) and (H3N2) viruses had the highest positive rates in winter (H1N1: χ2=1238.712, H3N2: χ2= 1317.144, P<0.001). The positive rates of influenza B viruses Victoria and Yamagata linages were significantly higher in winter and spring than in summer and autumn (χ2=1526.712, P<0.001). The differences in positive rates among different age groups were significant (P<0. 001), and the positive rate in age group 25−59 years was highest (21.13% ). There was no significant difference in the positive rate between men and women (χ2=1.455, P=0.228). Conclusion The positive peak of influenza virus nucleic acid detection was mainly in winter and spring, and different subtype viruses circulated alternately in Chaoyang. It is necessary to further strengthen the surveillance and early warning of influenza, pay attention to the changes of the predominant strains of influenza viruses, continue to promote the influenza vaccination, explore various prevention and control measures, and reduce the additional impact of COVID-19 on influenza. -
Key words:
- Influenza /
- Influenza virus /
- Surveillance
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表 1 2013-2022年北京市朝阳区流行性感冒监测标本核酸检测结果
Table 1. Nucleic acid detection results of influenza surveillance specimens in Chaoyang district, Beijing, 2013−2022
监测年度 检测数
(份)阳性数
(份)阳性率
(%)甲型H1N1 H3N2 BV BY 混合型 阳性数(份) 构成比(%) 阳性数(份) 构成比(%) 阳性数(份) 构成比(%) 阳性数(份) 构成比(%) 阳性数(份) 构成比(%) 2013-2014 3104 539 17.36 192 35.62 138 25.61 0 0.00 198 36.73 11 2.04 2014-2015 3134 711 22.69 0 0.00 454 63.85 0 0.00 257 36.15 0 0.00 2015-2016 3203 605 18.89 101 16.69 206 34.06 256 42.31 42 6.94 0 0.00 2016-2017 3147 444 14.11 135 30.41 292 65.76 9 2.03 8 1.80 0 0.00 2017-2018 3130 802 25.62 203 25.31 310 38.65 32 3.99 251 31.30 6 0.75 2018-2019 3113 650 20.88 215 33.08 152 23.39 282 43.38 0 0.00 1 0.15 2019-2020 2972 277 9.32 23 8.30 194 70.04 60 21.66 0 0.00 0 0.00 2020-2021 2960 16 0.54 0 0.00 0 0.00 16 100.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 2021-2022 3165 371 11.72 0 0.00 0 0.00 371 100.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 合计 27928 4415 15.81 869 19.68 1746 39.55 1026 23.24 756 17.12 7 0.41 注:BV. 乙型Victoria亚型;BY. 乙型Yamagata亚型 表 2 2013-2022年北京市朝阳区不同型别流行性感冒病毒特征
Table 2. Characteristics of different types of influenza viruses in Chaoyang district, Beijing, 2013−2022
特征 检测数(份) 阳性数(份) 阳性率(%) 甲型H1N1 H3N2 BV BY 混合型 阳性数(份) 阳性率(%) 阳性数(份) 阳性率(%) 阳性数(份) 阳性率(%) 阳性数(份) 阳性率(%) 阳性数(份) 阳性率(%) 性别 男性 13972 2172 15.55 418 2.99 865 6.19 524 3.75 354 2.53 10 0.07 女性 13956 2243 16.07 451 3.23 881 6.31 501 3.59 402 2.88 8 0.06 年龄组(岁) 0~ 6474 822 12.70 248 3.83 303 4.68 146 2.26 120 1.85 5 0.08 5~ 3352 440 13.13 50 1.49 231 6.89 106 3.16 51 1.52 2 0.06 15~ 13075 2152 16.46 408 3.12 819 6.26 551 4.21 365 2.79 9 0.07 25~ 2702 571 21.13 94 3.48 175 6.48 170 6.29 131 4.85 1 0.04 60~ 2325 430 18.49 69 2.97 218 9.38 53 2.28 89 3.83 1 0.04 季节 春季 7000 1181 16.87 209 2.99 153 2.19 527 7.53 292 4.17 0 0.00 冬季 7005 2594 37.03 638 9.11 1066 15.22 431 6.15 441 6.30 18 0.26 秋季 6972 377 5.41 13 0.19 318 4.56 27 0.39 19 0.27 0 0.00 夏季 6951 263 3.78 9 0.13 209 3.01 41 0.59 4 0.06 0 0.00 注:BV. 乙型Victoria亚型;BY. 乙型Yamagata亚型 表 3 2013-2022年北京市朝阳区各流行期流行性感冒优势型别分布
Table 3. Distribution of dominant cold types in each epidemic period in Chaoyang district, Beijing, 2013−2022
流行期 季节 持续时间
(周)峰值(%)
和出现周次(次)主要优势型别 次优势型别 其他型别及其
阳性率均值
(%)病毒
类型峰值(%)
和出现周次流行季周阳
性率均值(%)病毒
类型峰值(%)
和出现周次流行季周阳
性率均值
(%)2013年52周至
2014年12周冬春 13 76.67(3) 甲型H1N1 65.00(3) 22.43 H3N2 24.59(1) 10.67 BY(12.39) 2014年48周至
2015年15周冬春 23 75.41(1) H3N2 68.57(52) 26.25 BY 54.84(12) 19.02 / 2016年1周至
2016年15周冬春 15 68.85(5) BV 48.33(11) 24.39 H3N2 28.33(4) 11.19 甲型H1N1(10.40)BY(3.33) 2016年48周至
2017年12周冬春 17 55.00(51) H3N2 53.33(51) 24.01 甲型H1N1 25.00(12) 8.84 / 2017年32周至
2017年39周夏 8 36.67(34) H3N2 35.00(34) 30.28 / / / / 2017年49周至
2018年10周冬春 14 70.00(51) BY 48.33(3) 27.86 甲型H1N1 35.00(7) 19.89 H3N2(10.80) 2018年52周至
2019年7周冬 8 68.33(1) 甲型H1N1 45.00(1) 31.18 H3N2 23.33(1) 16.22 / 2019年10周至
2019年20周春 11 60.00(11) BV 53.33(16) 36.06 H3N2 16.67(10) 6.67 甲型H1N1(3.03) 2019年50周至
2020年5周冬 8 58.33(3) H3N2 41.67(1) 31.46 BV 15.00(5) 7.08 甲型H1N1(3.75) 2021年51周至
2022年10周冬春 13 55.00(4) BV 55.00(4) 36.54 / / / / 注:BV. 乙型Victoria亚型;BY. 乙型Yamagata亚型;/. 流行期无此型 表 4 2013-2022年北京市朝阳区流行性感冒病毒分离鉴定结果
Table 4. Isolation and identification of epidemic cold virus in Chaoyang district, Beijing, 2013−2022
监测年度 检测数(份) 分离数(份) 分离率(%) BV BY H3N2 甲型H1N1 分离数(份) 构成比(%) 分离数(份) 构成比(%) 分离数(份) 构成比(%) 分离数(份) 构成比(%) 2013-2014 3104 291 9.38 0 0.00 130 44.67 44 15.12 117 40.21 2014-2015 3134 364 11.61 1 0.27 184 50.55 179 49.18 0 0.00 2015-2016 3203 283 8.84 187 66.08 27 9.54 30 10.60 39 13.78 2016-2017 3147 158 5.02 0 0.00 6 3.80 99 62.66 53 33.54 2017-2018 3130 239 7.64 4 1.67 87 36.41 67 28.03 81 33.89 2018-2019 3113 276 8.87 101 36.59 0 0.00 41 14.86 134 48.55 2019-2020 2972 74 2.49 6 8.11 0 0.00 61 82.43 7 9.46 2020-2021 2960 5 0.17 5 100.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 2021-2022 3165 279 8.82 278 99.64 1 0.36 0 0.00 0 0.00 合计 27928 1969 7.05 582 29.56 435 22.09 521 26.46 431 21.89 注:BV. 乙型Victoria亚型;BY. 乙型Yamagata亚型 -
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