2013－2022年江西省抚州市艾滋病流行特征分析

摘要: 目的分析抚州市2013—2022年艾滋病流行特征和变化趋势，为制定科学有效的预防控制措施和模式提供依据。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集2013—2022年新报告艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染者/艾滋病（AIDS）病例流调信息和HIV抗体检测数据进行统计分析。结果 2013—2022年抚州市累计开展HIV抗体检测5419329人次，每年HIV抗体检测量从2013年的21.43万人次增加到2022年的85.36万人次，上升了3倍。 10年新报告HIV/AIDS 共1743例，主要来源医疗机构，每年新报告的HIV/AIDS病例数从2013年的57例增加到2022年的290例，增加了4倍；以农民（68.40%）、已婚有配偶（50.89%）、小学文化及文盲（44.69%）为主；男、女性别比例3.91∶1；≥50岁占比47.61%，连续10年占比呈逐年上升趋势；异性传播为主要传播途径，其中男性以非婚异性性接感染为主，因配偶/固定性伴阳性感染占2.84%，而女性因配偶/固定性伴阳性感染占到40.99%，两者在异性传播接触史上存在差异且有统计学意义（χ²=442.439，P<0.001）。结论抚州市新报告的HIV/AIDS病例数呈逐年增多。老年人因非婚异性性行为而感染HIV已成为当前最为突出的问题，关注男男性行为等易感染艾滋病危险行为人群的同时，要根据老年人艾滋病传播特点制定有针对性的健康教育和干预措施。
- 艾滋病 /
- 流行特征 /
- 疫情分析
Abstract: Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and trends of AIDS in Fuzhou from 2013 to 2022, and to provide evidence for the development of AIDS prevention and control measures. Methods The information of newly reported HIV infection cases and AIDS cases and data of HIV antibody testing in Fuzhou from 2013 to 2022 were collected through China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention for a statistical analysis. Results During 2013−2022, a total of 5419329 people received HIV antibody testing in Fuzhou. The annual number of HIV antibody screening increased by 3 times from 214300 in 2013 to 853600 in 2022. A total of 1743 HIV/AIDS cases were newly reported during this period, the cases mainly reported by medical institutions. The annual number of new HIV/AIDS cases reported increased 4 times from 57 in 2013 to 290 in 2022. The cases in farmers accounted for 68.40%, the cases who were married accounted for 50.89%, and the cases with education level of primary school and below accounted for 44.69%. The male to female ratio of the cases was 3.91:1; The cases in age group ≥50 years accounted for 47.61%, showing an increasing trend for 10 years. Heterosexual contact was the main transmission route. Men were mainly infected by extramarital sex, followed by marital sex or sex with regular partner (2.84%). The women infected by marital sex or sex with regular partner accounted for 40.99%, the difference between men and women was significant (χ²=442.439, P<0.001). Conclusion The newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS cases increased in recent years in Fuzhou. HIV transmission by extramarital sex in the elderly has become a serious problem. It is necessary to conduct targeted health education and intervention in the elderly to curb the spread of AIDS according to the epidemiological characteristics of AIDS, meanwhile more attention should be paid to men who have sex with men, another population at high risk for HIV infection.
- Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome /
- Epidemiological characteristics /
- Epidemic analysis

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图 1 2013－2022年抚州市艾滋病抗体检测及新报告艾滋病病毒感染者/艾滋病病例时间分布

Figure 1. Distribution of HIV antibody testing and newly reported HIV/AIDS in Fuzhou city, 2013−2022

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图 2 2013－2022年抚州市新报告艾滋病病毒感染者/艾滋病病例县（区）分布[审图号：赣S（2022）068号]

Figure 2. Distribution of newly reported HIV/AIDS in counties of Fuzhou city, 2013−2022

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图 3 2013－2022年抚州市新报告艾滋病病毒感染者/艾滋病病例来源分布

Figure 3. Sample source distribution of newly reported HIV/AIDS in Fuzhou city, 2013−2022

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表 1 2013－2022年抚州市艾滋病病毒感染者/艾滋病新报告病例性别及年龄分布情况（例）

Table 1. Distribution of newly reported HIV/AIDS by gender and age in Fuzhou city from 2013 to 2022

报告年份	≤14岁		15～岁		20～岁		30～岁		40～岁		50～岁		≥60岁		总计
报告年份	男性	女性	男性	女性	男性	女性	男性	女性	男性	女性	男性	女性	男性	女性	男性	女性
2013	1	0	1	0	15	2	16	2	9	3	3	4	1	0	46	11
2014	0	0	1	2	9	4	14	3	12	2	7	5	5	2	48	18
2015	0	0	3	3	22	3	16	1	20	5	10	3	8	1	79	16
2016	2	0	6	0	23	10	29	5	20	4	14	6	12	6	106	31
2017	0	1	7	0	33	4	16	6	24	7	15	7	26	5	121	30
2018	0	0	5	0	47	5	32	5	40	6	25	6	43	12	192	34
2019	0	0	2	1	32	6	17	6	36	11	43	18	58	9	188	51
2020	0	0	4	0	25	1	18	2	27	14	34	10	60	10	168	37
2021	0	0	2	0	24	1	29	7	38	10	52	27	73	14	218	59
2022	0	1	2	0	20	2	27	6	31	13	51	15	91	31	222	68
合计	3	2	33	6	250	38	214	43	257	75	254	101	377	90	1388	355

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表 2 2013－2022年抚州市艾滋病病毒感染者/艾滋病新报告病例职业、文化程度和婚姻状况分布情况

Table 2. Occupation, education and marital status distribution of newly reported HIV/AIDS in Fuzhou City from 2013 to 2022

社会学特征	例数	构成比（%）
职业
干部、离退人员	89	5.11
家政、家务及待业	318	18.24
民工	127	7.29
农民	892	51.18
其他/不详	162	9.29
散居儿童	4	0.23
商业服务	123	7.06
学生	28	1.60
婚姻
离异或丧偶	416	23.87
未婚	440	25.24
已婚有配偶	887	50.89
文化程度
初中	566	32.47
大专及以上	173	9.93
高中或中专	224	12.85
小学及文盲	780	44.75

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表 3 2013－2022年抚州市艾滋病病毒感染者/艾滋病新报告病例感染途径分布

Table 3. Transmission routes distribution of newly reported HIV/AIDS in Fuzhou city from 2013 to 2022

报告年份	母婴传播		同性传播		异性传播		注射毒品		其他及不详
报告年份	病例数	构成比（%）	病例数	构成比（%）	病例数	构成比（%）	病例数	构成比（%）	病例数	构成比（%）
2013	1	1.76	19	33.33	37	64.91	0	0.00	0	0.00
2014	0	0.00	17	25.75	47	71.21	1	1.52	1	1.52
2015	0	0.00	19	20.00	74	77.90	1	1.05	1	1.05
2016	1	0.73	36	26.28	94	68.61	0	0.00	6	4.38
2017	1	0.66	36	23.84	111	73.51	2	1.33	1	0.66
2018	0	0.00	62	27.43	163	72.13	1	0.44	0	0.00
2019	1	0.42	36	15.06	200	83.68	0	0.00	2	0.84
2020	0	0.00	27	13.17	176	85.85	0	0.00	2	0.98
2021	0	0.00	40	14.44	237	85.56	0	0.00	0	0.00
2022	1	0.34	25	8.62	260	89.66	2	0.69	2	0.69
合计	5	0.29	317	18.19	1399	80.26	7	0.40	15	0.86

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