Epidemiological and etiological surveillance for influenza-like illness in Huairou district, Beijing, 2014−2022
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摘要:
目的 分析2014-2022年北京市怀柔区流行性感冒(流感)流行情况和病原学特征,为流感防控提供科学依据。 方法 收集2014-2022年北京市怀柔区流感样病例(ILI)数据和病原学监测结果进行描述及统计分析。 结果 2014年9月至2022年8月,怀柔区两家哨点医院累计报告ILI 49 716例,占门/急诊总人数的0.35%。 8年间共采集ILI咽拭子标本17 156份,其中流感病毒阳性标本3 091份,阳性率为18.02%。 25~岁年龄组阳性占比较高,为20.21%。 各监测年度流感阳性率高峰均集中于当年12月至次年3月,各年度流感病毒亚型构成比差异有统计学意义(χ2=1785.065,P<0.001),主要亚型为甲型H3N2和乙型Victoria系。 因新型冠状病毒感染疫情防控措施影响,2020年后流感病毒阳性率明显降低。 结论 2014-2022年怀柔区流感病毒流行季节主要为冬春季,流感病毒各亚型交替流行或同时流行,流行强度不同。 25~岁人群是重点防控人群。 新型冠状病毒感染疫情防控措施也可以显著降低流感的流行强度。 Abstract:Objective To understand the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of influenza in Huairou district, Beijing, from 2014 to 2022, and provide scientific evidence for influenza prevention and control. Methods Data of influenza-like illness (ILI) cases and etiological surveillance results in Huairou from 2014 to 2022 were collected for descriptive and statistical analyses. Results From September 2014 to August 2022, a total of 49 716 cases of ILI were reported from two sentinel hospitals in Huairou, accounting for 0.35% of the total outpatient/emergency cases, and 17 156 pharyngeal swabs were collected from the ILI cases during the eight years, of which 3 091 were positive for influenza viruses, with a positive rate of 18.02%. The positive rate was highest in age group 25– years (20.21%). The peak of positive rate of influenza virus in all the surveillance years occurred during December-March, and the differences in the annual composition of influenza virus subtypes were significant (χ2=1785.065, P<0.001), with the main subtypes of A (H3N2) and B Victoria lineage. The influenza virus positivity rate was significantly lower after 2020 due to the impact of COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control measures. Conclusion Influenza mainly occurred in winter and spring in Huairou from 2014 to 2022, with different subtypes and different intensities. People in age group 25– years were the key population affected. COVID-19 preventive and control measures could also significantly reduce the incidence of influenza. -
Key words:
- Influenza virus /
- Influenza like illness /
- Etiological surveillance
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表 1 2014-2022年怀柔区流感样病例年龄分布情况
Table 1. Age Distribution of influenza-like illness in Huairou district, 2014−2022
监测年度 年龄组(岁)(例) 流感样病例总数
(例)门/急诊病例总数
(例)流感样病例百分比 0~ 5~ 15~ 25~ 60~ 2014-2015 822 1 154 522 1 290 272 4 060 1 389 515 0.29 2015-2016 541 732 679 1 875 398 4 225 1 496 983 0.28 2016-2017 206 412 617 1 683 392 3 310 1 606 876 0.21 2017-2018 283 630 536 1 510 409 3 368 1 897 211 0.18 2018-2019 1 367 1 331 1 196 3 858 916 8 668 2 048 461 0.42 2019-2020 1 705 1 031 1 079 2 776 942 7 533 1 801 641 0.42 2020-2021 3 410 1 760 710 1 197 718 7 795 1 889 246 0.41 2021-2022 3 498 2 739 903 3 007 610 10 757 1 967 632 0.55 合计 11 832 9 789 6 242 17 196 4 657 49 716 14 097 565 0.35 表 2 2014-2022年怀柔区流感样病例病原学监测结果
Table 2. Results of influenza-like illness pathogenetic surveillance in Huairou district, 2014−2022
监测年度 检测数(份) 阳性数(份) 阳性率(%) 不同流行性感冒亚型a 甲型H3N2 新甲型H1N1 Victoria Yamagata 2014-2015 2 557 611 23.90 358(58.59) 2(0.33) 0(0.00) 251(41.08) 2015-2016 2 770 533 19.24 152(28.52) 101(18.95) 253(47.47) 27(5.07) 2016-2017 2 281 404 17.71 333(82.43) 64(15.84) 0(0.00) 7(1.73) 2017-2018 2 105 579 27.51 141(24.35) 175(30.22) 0(0.00) 263(45.42) 2018-2019 1 949 448 22.99 94(20.98) 207(46.21) 147(32.81) 0(0.00) 2019-2020 1 824 153 8.39 118(77.12) 17(11.11) 18(11.76) 0(0.00) 2020-2021 1 802 10 0.55 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 10(100.00) 0(0.00) 2021-2022 1 868 353 18.90 21(5.94) 0(0.00) 332(94.05) 0(0.00) 合计 17 156 3 091 18.02 1 217(39.37) 566(18.31) 760(24.59) 548(17.73) 注:a. 括号外数据为阳性数(份),括号内数据为阳性率(%) 表 3 2014-2022年怀柔区流感样病例不同年龄组病原学检出情况
Table 3. Pathogenic detection of influenza-like illness in different age groups in Huairou District, 2014−2022
年龄组(岁) 检测数(份) 阳性数(份) 阳性率(%) 不同流感亚型a 甲型H3N2 新甲型H1N1 Victoria Yamagata 0~ 1 506 149 9.89 52(34.90) 34(22.82) 30(20.13) 33(22.14) 5~ 2 534 462 18.23 202(43.72) 46(9.96) 100(21.65) 114(24.68) 15~ 2 975 517 17.38 192(37.14) 73(14.12) 170(32.88) 82(15.86) 25~ 7 962 1 609 20.21 572(35.55) 345(21.44) 441(27.41) 251(15.60) 60~ 2 179 354 16.25 199(56.21) 68(19.21) 19(5.37) 68(19.21) 合计 17 156 3 091 18.02 1 217(39.37) 566(18.31) 760(24.59) 548(17.72) 注:a. 括号外数据为阳性数(份),括号内数据为阳性率(%) -
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