2012－2022年浙江省台州市急性弛缓性麻痹病例监测结果分析

徐一文; 邱春华; 陈怡平

doi:10.3784/jbjc.202303200110

2012－2022年浙江省台州市急性弛缓性麻痹病例监测结果分析

doi: 10.3784/jbjc.202303200110

台州市疾病预防控制中心, 浙江台州 318000

详细信息

作者简介:
徐一文，女，浙江省台州市人，硕士研究生，主管医师，主要从事免疫规划和疾病监测工作

通讯作者:
徐一文，Tel: 0576–89315987，Email: xuyiwen2009@hotmail.com

中图分类号: R211；RR512.4
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-03-20
- 网络出版日期: 2023-09-15

Surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis cases in Taizhou, Zhejiang, 2012−2022

Taizhou Prefectural Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China

More Information

Corresponding author: Xu Yiwen, Email: xuyiwen2009@hotmail.com

摘要

摘要: 目的了解浙江省台州市2012—2022年急性弛缓性麻痹（AFP）病例的流行特征，并评估AFP病例监测系统运行情况和监测质量。方法对台州市2012—2022年AFP监测病例资料进行整理，采用描述性流行病学方法分析其三间分布及监测敏感性、及时性。结果台州市2012—2022年共报告229例AFP病例，年均报告发病率为2.14/10万，所有AFP病例最终诊断分类均为脊髓灰质炎排除病例。 AFP发病无明显季节性，1～4岁组发病率较高（χ²=29.339，P＜0.001），男性发病率高于女性（χ²=8.571，P=0.003）。报告后48 h调查率为99.56%，14 d内双份粪便采集率为98.25%，合格粪便采集率、粪便标本7 d内送达率和75 d随访表及时送达率均为97.82%。结论台州市AFP病例主要集中在5岁以下，男性发病率高于女性，异地报告率高。 AFP监测系统处于稳定且较高的运行水平，达到国家各项监测指标要求，但仍需提高AFP病例监测敏感性。
- 急性弛缓性麻痹 /
- 脊髓灰质炎 /
- 流行病学 /
- 监测
Abstract: Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) in Taizhou, Zhejiang province, from 2012 to 2022, and evaluate the performance and quality of the AFP surveillance system. Methods The surveillance data of AFP in Taizhou from 2012 to 2022 were collected, and the epidemiological characteristics and surveillance indicators of AFP cases in Taizhou were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods. Results A total of 229 AFP cases were reported in Taizhou from 2012 to 2022, with the average annual reported incidence rate of 2.14/100 000. All the AFP cases were finally diagnosed as polio-excluded cases. There was no obvious seasonality in the incidence of AFP. The incidence rate in age group 1−4 years was highest (χ²=29.339, P＜0.001), and the incidence rate was higher in men than in women (χ²=8.571, P=0.003). The investigation rate within 48 hours after the reporting was 99.56%, and the double stool collection rate within 14 days was 98.25%. The adequate stool collection rate, the stool sample delivery rate within 7 days and the timely delivery rate of the 75−day follow-up form were all 97.82%. Conclusion AFP mainly occurred in children under 5 years old in Taizhou. The incidence rate was higher in men than in women, and the reporting rate from other places was high. The AFP surveillance system had a stable and good performance in Taizhou, meeting the national surveillance requirements. However, it is still necessary to improve the sensitivity of AFP surveillance.
- Acute flaccid paralysis /
- Poliomyelitis /
- Epidemiology /
- Surveillance

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图 1 2012－2022年台州市急性弛缓性麻痹病例的时间分布

Figure 1. Time distribution of acute flaccid paralysis cases in Taizhou, 2012−2022

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图 2 2012－2022年台州市急性弛缓性麻痹病例地区分布

Figure 2. Region distribution of acute flaccid paralysis cases in Taizhou, 2012−2022

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图 3 2012－2022年台州市急性弛缓性麻痹病例的职业分布

Figure 3. Population distribution of acute flaccid paralysis cases in Taizhou, 2012−2022

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表 1 2012－2022年台州市各年龄组人群急性弛缓性麻痹病例发病率

Table 1. Age specific incidence rate of acute flaccid paralysis in Taizhou, 2012−2022

年份	年龄组（岁）（/10万）				χ²值	P值
年份	＜1	1～	5～	10～14	χ²值	P值
2012	0.00	4.26	1.14	0.71	9.403	0.018
2013	5.69	4.33	2.04	1.83	5.514	0.117
2014	3.64	3.85	1.53	1.45	5.108	0.138
2015	3.63	2.30	0.76	1.81	4.657	0.168
2016	2.83	3.94	2.09	1.12	4.611	0.178
2017	0.00	4.73	2.09	0.74	9.496	0.017
2018	0.00	3.09	1.54	2.55	3.045	0.344
2019	0.00	2.98	2.59	1.59	2.338	0.481
2020	0.00	3.16	1.71	1.28	3.153	0.333
2021	0.00	2.03	2.74	2.04	1.085	0.804
2022	1.80	2.85	2.44	1.75	0.920	0.862
合计	1.49	3.41	1.85	1.55	29.339	＜0.001

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表 2 2012－2022年台州市不同性别人群急性弛缓性麻痹病例发病率

Table 2. Gender specific incidence rate of acute flaccid paralysis in Taizhou, 2012−2022

年份	发病率（/10万）		男女性别比	χ²值	P值
年份	男性	女性	男女性别比	χ²值	P值
2012	1.77	1.83	1.13∶1	0.006	0.940
2013	2.86	2.68	1.25∶1	0.029	0.864
2014	3.57	0.66	6.33∶1	9.233	0.002
2015	1.48	1.80	1.00∶1	0.159	0.690
2016	3.43	1.11	3.60∶1	5.534	0.019
2017	2.86	1.55	2.14∶1	1.837	0.175
2018	2.24	1.96	1.33∶1	0.094	0.760
2019	2.35	2.02	1.33∶1	0.111	0.738
2020	1.60	2.12	0.89∶1	0.335	0.563
2021	2.63	1.59	2.00∶1	1.205	0.272
2022	3.00	1.36	2.67∶1	2.871	0.090
合计	2.53	1.70	1.76∶1	8.571	0.003

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表 3 2012－2022年台州市急性弛缓性麻痹病例的脊髓灰质炎疫苗免疫史分布

Table 3. Acute flaccid paralysis cases with different polio vaccination status in Taizhou, 2012−2022

年份	免疫次数（例）
年份	0	1～3	≥4	不详
2012	0	8	9	0
2013	0	12	14	1
2014	1	8	13	0
2015	0	8	8	0
2016	0	11	11	1
2017	0	13	9	0
2018	0	6	15	0
2019	0	4	17	0
2020	0	6	11	0
2021	1	4	16	0
2022	1	5	16	0
合计	3	85	139	2

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表 4 2012－2022年台州市各县（市、区）急性弛缓性麻痹病例报告情况

Table 4. Reporting of acute flaccid paralysis cases by counties (district) in Taizhou, 2012−2022

年份	椒江区		黄岩区		路桥区		临海市		温岭市		玉环市		天台县		仙居县		三门县		总计
年份	A	B	A	B	A	B	A	B	A	B	A	B	A	B	A	B	A	B	A	B
2012	3	2.94	2	2.11	3	3.26	1	0.55	2	0.96	3	3.14	2	2.8	1	1.43	0	0.00	17	1.74
2013	3	2.95	1	1.06	2	2.18	8	4.43	6	2.88	1	1.05	3	4.21	1	1.44	2	3.35	27	2.77
2014	3	2.95	3	3.17	1	1.09	3	1.66	2	0.96	4	4.19	3	4.21	1	1.44	2	3.35	22	2.26
2015	1	0.98	1	1.06	1	1.09	3	1.66	4	1.92	1	1.05	3	4.21	1	1.44	1	1.67	16	1.64
2016	5	4.90	1	1.05	1	1.09	4	2.21	4	1.92	3	3.14	2	2.80	1	1.43	2	3.34	23	2.36
2017	2	1.96	1	1.06	3	3.26	6	3.32	3	1.44	3	3.15	2	2.80	1	1.44	1	1.67	22	2.26
2018	3	2.86	2	2.06	3	3.17	3	1.64	3	1.45	1	1.03	3	4.03	2	2.79	1	1.59	21	2.12
2019	3	2.86	3	3.08	1	1.06	3	1.64	3	1.45	3	3.15	2	2.69	1	1.39	2	3.18	21	2.12
2020	2	2.02	1	1.09	1	1.13	3	1.78	2	1.05	4	4.32	1	1.47	1	1.52	2	3.46	17	1.84
2021	1	0.82	1	1.02	2	2.26	5	2.89	2	1.10	4	4.35	3	3.85	1	1.32	2	3.11	21	2.16
2022	2	1.64	2	2.04	2	2.26	3	1.74	4	2.20	1	1.09	2	2.57	3	3.97	3	4.67	22	2.26
合计	28	2.40	18	1.71	20	1.99	42	2.14	35	1.58	28	2.69	26	3.27	14	1.85	18	2.58	229	2.14
注：A. 病例数（例）；B. 发病率（/10万）

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表 5 2012－2022年台州市急性弛缓性麻痹病例监测及时性

Table 5. Timeliness of acute flaccid paralysis surveillance in Taizhou, 2012−2022

年份	报告后48 h 调查率（%）	14 d内双份粪便采集率（%）	合格粪便采集率（%）	粪便标本 7 d内送达率（%）	75 d随访表及时送达率（%）
2012	94.12	100.00	100.00	94.12	100.00
2013	100.00	92.59	92.59	96.15	85.19
2014	100.00	95.45	95.45	100.00	95.24
2015	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
2016	100.00	100.00	100.00	91.30	100.00
2017	100.00	95.45	95.45	95.24	100.00
2018	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
2019	100.00	100.00	95.24	100.00	100.00
2020	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
2021	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
2022	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
合计	99.56	98.25	97.82	97.82	97.82

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