Objective To compare the disease burden of cerebrovascular disease in local residents in Beijing in 2010 and 2018 and evaluate its variation from 2010 to 2018.

Methods The years of life lost (YLL) caused by premature death were calculated by using the surveillance data of cerebrovascular disease deaths in local residents in Beijing from 2010 to 2018, and the years lived with disability (YLD) and disability adjusted life years (DALY) were measured by indirect methods.

Results In 2018, the YLL rate of cerebrovascular disease in local residents in Beijing (2341.69/100 000) decreased by 16.32% compared with 2010 (2798.44/100 000), and the standardized YLL rate (1278.97/1000 000) decreased by 29.00% compared with 2010 (1801.24/100 000). In 2018, the YLD rate (680.27/100 000) increased by 17.10% compared with 2010 (580.95/100 000), and the standardized YLD rate (402.06/100 000) increased by 8.48% compared with 2010 (370.64/100 000). The DALY rate in 2018 (3021.96/100 000) decreased by 10.58% from 2010 (3379.39/100 000), and the standardized DALY rate (1681.03/100 000) decreased by 22.60% from 2010 (2171.88/100 000). The crude and age-standardized YLL and DALY rates were higher in men than in women in both 2010 and 2018, while the crude and age-standardized YLD rates were lower in men than in women. In 2018, the YLL rate and DALY rate in each age group decreased compared with 2010, and decreases in age group 75–79 years were the most obvious, with decreases of 36.35% and 30.37%, and the YLD rate decreased in age group 55–79 years, in which the decrease in age 65–69 years was most obvious (13.57%), but increased in age groups 15–54 years and ≥80 years, in which the increase in 85 years was most obvious (27.67%). In 2010 and 2018, the disease burden was mainly caused by ischemic stroke with an increased proportion, accounting for 59.60%–62.21% in YLL of cerebrovascular disease, the proportion in YLD of cerebrovascular disease increased from 86.99% to 88.68%, and the proportion in DALY of cerebrovascular disease increased from 64.42% to 72.26%. The lowest disease burden level was observed in urban area and the highest in outer suburbs.

Conclusion From 2010 to 2018, the overall DALY of cerebrovascular disease in local residents in Beijing decreased, in which YLL decreased and YLD increased. The elderly and men are still key groups for the prevention and control of cerebrovascular disease in Beijing. Close attention should be paid to the disability burden in women. Ischemic stroke was the major form of cerebrovascular disease causing disease burden, and there were obvious area specific differences in the disease burden in Beijing, with the lowest disease burden level in urban area and the highest in outer suburbs, but the most obvious decline was observed in suburbs.