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摘要:
目的 分析2011—2020年北京市鼠疫人间及动物间监测情况,为制订针对北京市的鼠疫防控措施提供基础资料。 方法 在全市发热门诊和门、急诊室进行鼠疫人间病例的相关症状监测工作;动物间监测采用5 m夹线法进行捕鼠,捕到的小型鼠类进行鉴定、解剖、实验室检测后将信息记录汇总。 收集2011—2020年北京市鼠疫监测数据进行回顾性描述分析。 结果 2011—2020年,北京市人间鼠疫监测共发现2例人间病例,均为肺鼠疫,为内蒙古自治区来京就医人员,其中1例病例死亡;动物间监测方面,10年来共布夹(笼)46053次,捕获小型鼠类4科9属10种共计1585只,总鼠密度为3.44/100夹次。 优势鼠种为社鼠(37.22%,590/1585)、褐家鼠(24.10%,382/1585)、岩松鼠(15.52%,246/1585)及大林姬鼠(13.25%,210/1585),占总捕获数的89.97%。 通过间接血凝试验对采集的1175份血清进行检测,未发现鼠疫F1抗体阳性标本。 结论 2011—2020年北京市鼠种较为稳定,鼠密度处于较低水平,但北京市周边动物鼠间疫情较为活跃,应加强鼠疫人间及动物间疫情监测工作,做好健康教育,严防输入性鼠疫疫情。 Abstract:Objective To analyze the results of human and animal surveillance of plague in Beijing from 2011 to 2020, and provide data support for plague prevention and control in Beijing. Methods The cases with human plague symptoms were monitored in fever clinics, outpatient and emergency departments of hospitals in Beijing. Rodent was captured by using 5 m clamp in rodent surveillance. The captured small rodents were identified, dissected, and the results were recorded. The plague surveillance data in Beijing from 2011 to 2020 were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Results From 2011 to 2020, a total of 2 cases of human plague were detected in Beijing, all were pneumonic plague cases from Inner Mongolia, and 1 case died. In rodent surveillance, a total of 46 053 traps (cages) were distributed in the past 10 years, and 1585 small rodents of 10 species, 9 genera, 4 families were captured, with a total rodent density of 3.44/100 traps. The predominant species were Niviventer confucianus (37.22%, 590/1585), Rattus norvegicus (24.10%, 382/1585), Sciurotamias davidianus (15.52%, 246/1585) and Apodemus dalinensis (13.25%, 210/1585), accounting for 89.97% of the total of captured rodents. No plague F1 antibody positive sample was found in 1175 serum sample by indirect hemagglutination test. Conclusion From 2011 to 2020, the rodent species was stable and the rodent density was at a low level in Beijing, but animal plague epidemic was active in natural plague foci around Beijing. It is necessary to strengthen the surveillance for human and animal plague epidemic, and improve health education to prevent imported plague epidemic. -
Key words:
- Plague bacillus /
- Plague /
- Surveillance /
- Rat density
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表 1 2011-2020年北京市小型鼠类鼠密度调查情况
Table 1. Investigation of rodent density of small rodengts in Beijing, 2011 - 2020
年份 布夹数(笼) 捕鼠数(只) 捕获率(%) 小型兽类分类 社鼠 褐家鼠 岩松鼠 大林姬鼠 黑线姬鼠 仓鼠 小家鼠 鼩鼱 五道眉花鼠 棕背平 数量(只) 构成比(%) 数量(只) 构成比(%) 数量(只) 构成比(%) 数量(只) 构成比(%) 数量(只) 构成比(%) 数量(只) 构成比(%) 数量(只) 构成比(%) 数量(只) 构成比(%) 数量(只) 构成比(%) 数量(只) 构成比(%) 2011 6614 328 4.96 120 36.59 80 24.39 18 5.49 79 24.09 19 5.79 10 3.05 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 2 0.61 2012 5470 301 5.50 122 40.53 48 15.95 85 28.24 16 5.32 19 6.31 0 0.00 6 1.99 4 1.33 0 0.00 1 0.33 2013 4653 280 6.02 125 44.64 40 14.29 15 5.36 62 22.14 22 7.86 0 0.00 6 2.14 3 1.07 1 0.36 6 2.14 2014 3000 84 2.80 29 34.52 19 22.62 23 27.38 8 9.52 1 1.19 2 2.38 2 2.38 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 2015 3500 99 2.83 28 28.28 50 50.51 14 14.14 7 7.07 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 2016 3300 83 2.52 46 55.42 29 34.94 4 4.82 3 3.61 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 1 1.20 2017 3772 95 2.52 33 34.74 31 32.63 12 12.63 9 9.47 9 9.47 1 1.05 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 2018 7290 93 1.28 43 46.24 26 27.96 6 6.45 8 8.60 5 5.38 3 3.23 0 0.00 0 0.00 1 1.08 1 1.08 2019 4454 97 2.18 15 15.46 39 40.21 26 26.80 7 7.22 5 5.15 4 4.12 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 1 1.03 2020 4000 125 3.13 29 23.20 20 16.00 43 34.40 11 8.80 16 12.80 4 3.20 2 1.60 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 合计 46053 1585 3.44 590 37.22 382 24.10 246 15.52 210 13.25 96 6.06 24 1.51 16 1.01 7 0.44 2 0.13 12 0.76 -
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