Awareness rate of core information about tuberculosis prevention and treatment in Hubei, 2022
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摘要:
目的 了解《遏制结核病行动计划(2019-2022年)》实施以来湖北省公众结核病防治核心信息知晓程度,分析湖北省公众结核病健康教育的需求。 方法 按照城乡分层和等比例概率抽样原则进行多阶段分层随机抽样,对1440名调查对象采用统一问卷进行面对面调查,采用Excel 2016软件进行描述性分析,利用SPSS 25.0软件进行χ2检验和二元logistics回归分析。 结果 湖北省公众结核病防治核心信息总知晓率为80.12%,全部知晓率为52.92%,群众对于 “肺结核绝大部分能治好”(核心信息5)的单一知晓率最低,为72.39%。 单因素分析结果显示,不同年龄、文化程度、职业以及是否接受过健康教育的对象全部知晓率差异有统计学意义(χ2=55.442、65.148、96.958、109.426,均P<0.001),不同性别、城乡研究对象全部知晓率差异无统计学意义(P=0.213、0.700);多因素分析结果显示,文化程度小学及以下,职业为商业/服务业、农业劳动者、离退休人员、其他(机关/事业单位/企业为对照)、没有接受过健康教育的对象全部知晓率更低(P<0.05)。 80.17%的人表示曾经接受过有关结核病的宣传教育,且医生宣传的方式(51.55%)更易被群众所接受,喜爱宣传材料的类型以图文并茂的材料为多,网络科普宣传中倾向于自媒体形式。 结论 加强对文化程度小学及以下、职业为商业/服务业、农业劳动者、离退休人员的健康教育资源分配,拓展和创新自媒体时代新的宣传渠道和方式,进一步提高湖北省公众结核病防治知识知晓水平。 Abstract:Objective To analyze the public awareness of the core information of tuberculosis (TB) prevention and treatment in Hubei province since the implementation of the Stop TB Action Plan (2019–2022), and assess the public demand for TB health education in the new era. Methods based on urban and rural area stratification and Probability Proportionate to Size Sampling principle, multistage stratified random sampling was conducted to select 1440 local residents for a face-to-face survey using a uniform questionnaire. Excel 2016 was used for descriptive analysis, SPSS 25.0 was used for χ2 test and binary logistics regression analysis. Results The total awareness rate of core information of TB prevention and treatment in Hubei was 80.12%. The overall awareness rate was 52.92%. The awareness rate of core information 5 that most TB can be cured was lowest (72.39%). Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in the overall awareness rate among the subjects in different age, education level and occupation groups as well as those who received health education or not (χ2=55.442, 65.148, 96.958, 109.426, all P<0.001), there was no significant difference in overall awareness rate between men and women and between urban residents and rural residents. Multivariate analysis showed that the overall awareness rates in the people with education level of primary school or below and occupation of business/service, agricultural workers, retirees and others (organs/institutions/enterprises as control), or those who received no health education were low (P<0.05). Up to 80.17% of the respondents had received health education about TB. Doctor’s advice was more likely to be accepted by the public (51.55%). Illustrated materials were more acceptable, and more health education materials in Internet were from We-Media. Conclusion It is necessary to strengthen the health education in people with primary education level or below, people being engaged in business/service, agriculture workers, and retirees by using more health education channels, including We-Media, to further improve public awareness of TB prevention and treatment in Hubei. -
Key words:
- Tuberculosis /
- Core information /
- Questionnaire survey /
- Health education
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表 1 2022年湖北省公众结核病防治核心信息知晓率调查对象基本情况
Table 1. The basic situation of the subjects in the survey of the awareness rate of tuberculosis core information in Hubei province in 2022
人口学特征 人数 占比(%) 性别 男性 717 51.69 女性 670 48.31 户口 本县(区) 1302 93.87 本省非本县(区) 69 4.97 外省 16 1.15 民族 汉族 1296 93.44 壮族 2 0.14 土家族 89 6.42 年龄组(岁) 15~ 79 5.70 25~ 151 10.89 35~ 200 14.42 45~ 290 20.91 55~ 386 27.83 65~ 207 14.92 ≥75 74 5.33 文化程度 小学及以下 520 37.49 初中及同等学历 497 35.83 高中及同等学历 184 13.27 大学及以上 186 13.41 职业状况 机关/事业单位/企业 191 13.77 商业/服务业 153 11.03 在校学生 62 4.47 农业劳动者 778 56.09 离退休 48 3.46 其他 155 11.18 表 2 2022年湖北省公众结核病防治核心信息总知晓率及单一知晓率情况
Table 2. Total awareness rate and single awareness rate of tuberculosis core information in Hubei province in 2022
知晓情况 回答调查问
卷数(人)知晓正确回
答数(人)知晓率
(%)总知晓率 6935 5556 80.12 (核心信息1)肺结核是危害严重的慢性传染病 1387 1026 73.97 (核心信息2)肺结核主要通过呼吸道传染 1387 1240 89.40 (核心信息3)出现咳嗽、咳痰2周以上或痰中带血,应该怀疑得了肺结核 1387 1188 85.65 (核心信息4)不随地吐痰,咳嗽、打喷嚏时掩住口鼻,人员密集的公共场所戴口罩,能够预防肺结核的传播 1387 1098 79.16 (核心信息5)肺结核绝大部分能治好 1387 1004 72.39 表 3 2022年湖北省不同人口学特征五条核心信息全部知晓率情况
Table 3. The overall awareness rate of all five core information among different demographic groups in Hubei province in 2022
变量 总数(人) 全部知晓数(人) 全部知晓率(%) χ2值 P值 性别 1.550 0.213 男性 717 391 54.53 女性 670 343 51.19 城乡 0.149 0.700 城市 458 239 52.18 农村 929 495 53.28 年龄组(岁) 55.442 <0.001 15~ 79 61 77.22 25~ 151 105 69.54 35~ 200 113 56.50 45~ 290 154 53.10 55~ 386 181 46.89 65~ 207 93 44.93 ≥75 74 27 36.49 文化程度 65.148 <0.001 小学及以下 520 227 43.65 初中及同等学历 497 256 51.51 高中及同等学历 184 107 58.15 大学及以上 186 144 77.42 职业 96.958 <0.001 机关/事业单位/企业 191 153 80.10 商业/服务业 153 59 38.56 在校学生 62 49 79.03 农业劳动者 778 384 49.36 离退休 48 21 43.75 其他 155 68 43.87 接受过健康教育 109.426 <0.001 否 275 68 24.73 是 1112 666 59.89 表 4 2022年湖北省五条核心信息全部知晓率多因素logistics回归分析
Table 4. Multi-factor logistics regression analysis of overall awareness rate of five core information in Hubei province in 2022
变量 $\beta $ ${ s_{\overline x} } $ Wald χ2值 P值 OR值 95%CI 文化程度 小学及以下a 初中及同等学历 0.297 0.140 4.541 0.033 1.346 1.024~1.770 高中及同等学历 0.451 0.203 4.934 0.026 1.570 1.054~2.338 大学及以上 0.977 0.267 13.384 0.000 2.656 1.574~4.481 职业 机关/事业单位/企业a 商业/服务业 −1.722 0.271 40.451 0.000 0.179 0.105~0.304 在校学生 −0.207 0.380 0.296 0.587 0.813 0.386~1.713 农业劳动者 −1.105 0.250 19.498 0.000 0.331 0.203~0.541 离退休 −1.203 0.384 9.800 0.002 0.300 0.141~0.638 其他 −1.101 0.281 15.385 0.000 0.333 0.192~0.576 接受过健康教育 否a 是 1.556 0.166 88.289 0.000 4.738 3.425~6.554 注:a. 参照组;OR. 比值比;CI. 置信区间 -
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