2022年湖北省公众结核病防治核心信息知晓率调查分析

夏雨荷; 张梦娴; 张玉; 卢星星; 舒智雄; 王凡; 周丽平

doi:10.3784/jbjc.202307050323

2022年湖北省公众结核病防治核心信息知晓率调查分析

doi: 10.3784/jbjc.202307050323

湖北省疾病预防控制中心, 湖北武汉 430079

详细信息

作者简介:
夏雨荷，女，湖北省仙桃市人，硕士，医师，主要从事结核病防治工作，Email：925934369@qq.com

张梦娴，女，湖北省武汉市人，硕士，主管医师，主要从事结核病健康促进工作，Email：631192038@qq.com

通讯作者:
周丽平，Tel：027−87652268，Email：372008131@qq.com

中图分类号: R211；R521
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-07-05
- 网络出版日期: 2023-10-27

Awareness rate of core information about tuberculosis prevention and treatment in Hubei, 2022

Hubei Provincial Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China

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Corresponding author: Zhou Liping, Email: 372008131@qq.com

摘要

摘要: 目的了解《遏制结核病行动计划（2019－2022年）》实施以来湖北省公众结核病防治核心信息知晓程度，分析湖北省公众结核病健康教育的需求。方法按照城乡分层和等比例概率抽样原则进行多阶段分层随机抽样，对1440名调查对象采用统一问卷进行面对面调查，采用Excel 2016软件进行描述性分析，利用SPSS 25.0软件进行χ²检验和二元logistics回归分析。结果湖北省公众结核病防治核心信息总知晓率为80.12%，全部知晓率为52.92%，群众对于 “肺结核绝大部分能治好”（核心信息5）的单一知晓率最低，为72.39%。单因素分析结果显示，不同年龄、文化程度、职业以及是否接受过健康教育的对象全部知晓率差异有统计学意义（χ²=55.442、65.148、96.958、109.426，均P＜0.001），不同性别、城乡研究对象全部知晓率差异无统计学意义（P=0.213、0.700）；多因素分析结果显示，文化程度小学及以下，职业为商业/服务业、农业劳动者、离退休人员、其他（机关/事业单位/企业为对照）、没有接受过健康教育的对象全部知晓率更低（P＜0.05）。 80.17%的人表示曾经接受过有关结核病的宣传教育，且医生宣传的方式（51.55%）更易被群众所接受，喜爱宣传材料的类型以图文并茂的材料为多，网络科普宣传中倾向于自媒体形式。结论加强对文化程度小学及以下、职业为商业/服务业、农业劳动者、离退休人员的健康教育资源分配，拓展和创新自媒体时代新的宣传渠道和方式，进一步提高湖北省公众结核病防治知识知晓水平。
- 结核病 /
- 核心信息 /
- 问卷调查 /
- 健康教育
Abstract: Objective To analyze the public awareness of the core information of tuberculosis (TB) prevention and treatment in Hubei province since the implementation of the Stop TB Action Plan (2019–2022), and assess the public demand for TB health education in the new era. Methods based on urban and rural area stratification and Probability Proportionate to Size Sampling principle, multistage stratified random sampling was conducted to select 1440 local residents for a face-to-face survey using a uniform questionnaire. Excel 2016 was used for descriptive analysis, SPSS 25.0 was used for χ² test and binary logistics regression analysis. Results The total awareness rate of core information of TB prevention and treatment in Hubei was 80.12%. The overall awareness rate was 52.92%. The awareness rate of core information 5 that most TB can be cured was lowest (72.39%). Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in the overall awareness rate among the subjects in different age, education level and occupation groups as well as those who received health education or not (χ²=55.442, 65.148, 96.958, 109.426, all P＜0.001), there was no significant difference in overall awareness rate between men and women and between urban residents and rural residents. Multivariate analysis showed that the overall awareness rates in the people with education level of primary school or below and occupation of business/service, agricultural workers, retirees and others (organs/institutions/enterprises as control), or those who received no health education were low (P<0.05). Up to 80.17% of the respondents had received health education about TB. Doctor’s advice was more likely to be accepted by the public (51.55%). Illustrated materials were more acceptable, and more health education materials in Internet were from We-Media. Conclusion It is necessary to strengthen the health education in people with primary education level or below, people being engaged in business/service, agriculture workers, and retirees by using more health education channels, including We-Media, to further improve public awareness of TB prevention and treatment in Hubei.
- Tuberculosis /
- Core information /
- Questionnaire survey /
- Health education

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表 1 2022年湖北省公众结核病防治核心信息知晓率调查对象基本情况

Table 1. The basic situation of the subjects in the survey of the awareness rate of tuberculosis core information in Hubei province in 2022

人口学特征	人数	占比（%）
性别
男性	717	51.69
女性	670	48.31
户口
本县（区）	1302	93.87
本省非本县（区）	69	4.97
外省	16	1.15
民族
汉族	1296	93.44
壮族	2	0.14
土家族	89	6.42
年龄组（岁）
15～	79	5.70
25～	151	10.89
35～	200	14.42
45～	290	20.91
55～	386	27.83
65～	207	14.92
≥75	74	5.33
文化程度
小学及以下	520	37.49
初中及同等学历	497	35.83
高中及同等学历	184	13.27
大学及以上	186	13.41
职业状况
机关/事业单位/企业	191	13.77
商业/服务业	153	11.03
在校学生	62	4.47
农业劳动者	778	56.09
离退休	48	3.46
其他	155	11.18

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表 2 2022年湖北省公众结核病防治核心信息总知晓率及单一知晓率情况

Table 2. Total awareness rate and single awareness rate of tuberculosis core information in Hubei province in 2022

知晓情况	回答调查问卷数（人）	知晓正确回答数（人）	知晓率（%）
总知晓率	6935	5556	80.12
（核心信息1）肺结核是危害严重的慢性传染病	1387	1026	73.97
（核心信息2）肺结核主要通过呼吸道传染	1387	1240	89.40
（核心信息3）出现咳嗽、咳痰2周以上或痰中带血，应该怀疑得了肺结核	1387	1188	85.65
（核心信息4）不随地吐痰，咳嗽、打喷嚏时掩住口鼻，人员密集的公共场所戴口罩，能够预防肺结核的传播	1387	1098	79.16
（核心信息5）肺结核绝大部分能治好	1387	1004	72.39

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表 3 2022年湖北省不同人口学特征五条核心信息全部知晓率情况

Table 3. The overall awareness rate of all five core information among different demographic groups in Hubei province in 2022

变量	总数（人）	全部知晓数（人）	全部知晓率（%）	χ²值	P值
性别				1.550	0.213
男性	717	391	54.53
女性	670	343	51.19
城乡				0.149	0.700
城市	458	239	52.18
农村	929	495	53.28
年龄组（岁）				55.442	＜0.001
15～	79	61	77.22
25～	151	105	69.54
35～	200	113	56.50
45～	290	154	53.10
55～	386	181	46.89
65～	207	93	44.93
≥75	74	27	36.49
文化程度				65.148	＜0.001
小学及以下	520	227	43.65
初中及同等学历	497	256	51.51
高中及同等学历	184	107	58.15
大学及以上	186	144	77.42
职业				96.958	＜0.001
机关/事业单位/企业	191	153	80.10
商业/服务业	153	59	38.56
在校学生	62	49	79.03
农业劳动者	778	384	49.36
离退休	48	21	43.75
其他	155	68	43.87
接受过健康教育				109.426	＜0.001
否	275	68	24.73
是	1112	666	59.89

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表 4 2022年湖北省五条核心信息全部知晓率多因素logistics回归分析

Table 4. Multi-factor logistics regression analysis of overall awareness rate of five core information in Hubei province in 2022

变量		$\beta $	${ s_{\overline x} } $	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值	95%CI
文化程度	小学及以下^a
	初中及同等学历	0.297	0.140	4.541	0.033	1.346	1.024~1.770
	高中及同等学历	0.451	0.203	4.934	0.026	1.570	1.054~2.338
	大学及以上	0.977	0.267	13.384	0.000	2.656	1.574~4.481
职业	机关/事业单位/企业^a
	商业/服务业	−1.722	0.271	40.451	0.000	0.179	0.105~0.304
	在校学生	−0.207	0.380	0.296	0.587	0.813	0.386~1.713
	农业劳动者	−1.105	0.250	19.498	0.000	0.331	0.203~0.541
	离退休	−1.203	0.384	9.800	0.002	0.300	0.141~0.638
	其他	−1.101	0.281	15.385	0.000	0.333	0.192~0.576
接受过健康教育	否^a
	是	1.556	0.166	88.289	0.000	4.738	3.425~6.554
注：a. 参照组；OR. 比值比；CI. 置信区间

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