2016－2022年甘肃省陇南市手足口病流行病学特征及病原学监测分析

赵媛坤; 蔡玉成; 刘海军; 马健; 赵亮; 李保娣; 陈彦龙; 杨瑞娟

doi:10.3784/jbjc.202309040454

2016－2022年甘肃省陇南市手足口病流行病学特征及病原学监测分析

Epidemiological and etiological characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease in Longnan, Gansu, 2016−2022

摘要

摘要:
目的分析甘肃省陇南市2016—2022年手足口病（HFMD）流行病学特征和病原学监测结果，为陇南市HFMD防控策略的优化提供依据。
方法收集2016—2022年陇南市HFMD病例样本，检测肠道病毒，包括肠道病毒 71 型（EV71）、柯萨奇病毒A组16型（Cox A16）、柯萨奇病毒A组6型（Cox A6）、柯萨奇病毒A组10型（Cox A10），对病例的时间、年龄、地域、性别分布进行流行病学分析。
结果共检测HFMD病例样本1 029份，肠道病毒阳性样本674份，检出率为65.50%。 2016—2022年陇南市HFMD优势病原体EV71、Cox A16、Cox A6随年份交替出现，春、夏、秋季均有流行。不同县（区）中，武都区病例数高于其他县（区）（χ²=416.804，P<0.01），发病年龄主要为5岁以下儿童（χ²=145.720，P<0.01），男性发病数明显高于女性。
结论陇南市HFMD流行呈明显地域性、季节性和人群性，病原类型交替流行，呈双峰趋势，提示应扩大监测范围，尤其是重点区域人群的防控力度。

Abstract:
Objective To understand the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Longnan of Gansu province from 2016 to 2022 and provide evidence for the improvement of HFMD prevention and control strategies in Longnan.
Methods HFMD case samples were collected in Longnan from 2016 to 2022 for the detection of enteroviruses, including enterovirus 71 (EV71), coxsackievirus A16 (Cox A16), coxsackievirus A6 (Cox A6) and coxsackievirus A10 (Cox A10). A descriptive epidemiological analysis was performed.
Results A total of 1 029 samples of HFMD cases were detected, in which 674 were positive for enterovirus, with a detection rate of 65.50%. From 2016 to 2022, the predominant pathogens of HFMD, EV71, Cox A16 and Cox A6, spreaded alternately with year, and could be detected in spring, summer and autumn. The number of cases was higher in Wudu district than in other counties (districts) (χ²=416.804, P<0.01). The cases were mainly children under 5 years old (χ²=145.720, P<0.01), and more cases occurred in boys than in girls.
Conclusion The incidence of HFMD in Longnan varied with area, season and population, showing double incidence peaks, and the major pathogen alternated. It is suggested to expand the coverage of surveillance and strengthen the prevention and control in key areas.

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