浙江省杭州市零售食品中小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌污染状况及药物敏感性特征分析

吴月; 黄振洲; 钱小平; 肖骁; 张蔚; 楼秀芹; 李钧

doi:10.3784/jbjc.202312250688

浙江省杭州市零售食品中小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌污染状况及药物敏感性特征分析

Contamination and drug susceptibility characteristics of Yersinia enterocolitica in retail foods in Hangzhou, Zhejiang

摘要

摘要:
目的了解浙江省杭州市零售食品中小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌的污染程度及其药物敏感性现状。
方法收集2019年、2021年及2022年杭州市各区、县零售的不同种类食品，对小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌进行分离纯化鉴定和毒力基因检测，采用微量肉汤稀释法对分纯的菌株进行药物敏感性测定，分析其耐药特征及耐药谱。
结果共采集到不同零售食品样本460份，134份分离鉴定出小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌，检出率为29.13%，其中禽肉及其制品检出率为41.00%，畜肉及其制品检出率为37.43%。所有菌株均缺失ystA、ail、virF和yadA毒力基因，但131株菌（97.76%）携带ystB基因。药敏分析结果显示，分离株对14种抗生素有不同程度的耐药，其中对头孢唑林耐药率最高（98.51%），其次是氨苄西林（45.52%）、萘啶酸（23.88%）和头孢西丁（12.69%），对其他10种抗生素耐药率为0.75%～5.00%，其中发现2株分离株对多黏菌素B耐药。多重耐药菌占23.88%，其中4重及以上耐药菌占9.70%，耐药谱分散，无明显聚集现象，最高可耐受7种抗生素（1株）。组内分析发现，2022年的菌株对氨苄西林及头孢西丁的敏感率显著高于2021年。
结论杭州市零售食品中小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌污染率较高，尤其是禽畜肉制品，分离株均为非致病性的，ystB基因携带率高；小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌对多黏菌素出现耐药，需加强对各类食品中小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌及其耐药特征的监测。

Abstract:
Objective To investigate the contamination level and drug susceptibility of Yersinia enterocolitica in retail food in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province.
Methods Various types of foods were collected from retail markets in districts and counties of Hangzhou in 2019, 2021 and 2022, and Y. enterocolitica was isolated, purified and identified, and virulence genes were detected. All the isolates were tested for drug susceptibility by the broth dilution method, and their drug resistance characteristics and spectrum were analyzed.
Results A total of 460 food samples were collected, from which 134 strains of Y. enterocolitica were isolated and identified, with a detection rate of 29.13%. The detection rate was 41.00% in poultry meat and products and 37.43% in livestock meat and products. All the strains carried no ystA, ail, virF, and yadA genes, while 131 strains carried ystB gene (97.76%). Drug susceptibility analysis showed that the isolates were resistant to 14 antibiotics, and the resistance rate to cefazolin was highest (98.51%), followed by ampicillin (45.52%), nalidixicacid (23.88%), cefoxitin (12.69%). The resistance rates to another 10 antibiotics ranged from 0.75% to 5.00%. In addition, 2 isolates were polymyxin B resistant. The multidrug-resistance rate was 23.88%, and 9.70% of the isolates were resistant to four or more antibiotics. The drug resistance spectrum varied. One isolate was resistant to 7 antibiotics. Intergroup analysis found that the sensitive rates to ampicillin and cefoxitin were significantly higher in 2022 than in 2021.
Conclusion This study found the severe contamination of Y. enterocolitica in retail foods in Hangzhou, especially in poultry and livestock meat products. All the isolates were non-pathogenic, but the ystB gene carrying rate was obviously higher compared with previous studies. In addition, this study found that the Y. enterocolitica isolates was resistant to polymyxin, indicating the need to strengthen the surveillance for Y. enterocolitica and its drug resistance characteristics in various foods.

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