Abstract: Clostridioides difficile is one of the most common pathogens of antibiotic-associated diarrhea, and the most common healthcare-associated infections worldwide, especially associated diseases such as pseudomembranous enteritis. It is receiving increasing clinical attention. With high rates of C. difficile infection in children widely reported, there is an ongoing burden on the healthcare system. Therefore, surveillance for C. difficile infection in children is particularly important. This article summarizes the colonization, infection, molecular epidemiological characteristics, influencing factors, diagnosis and treatment of C. difficile in children, aiming to summarize the research progress related to C. difficile in children and to provide reference for the development of continuous surveillance and improvement of C. difficile prevention and control strategies in children.