2023年中国A(H1N1)pdm09亚型流感病毒抗原和基因特性分析

成艳辉; 隗合江; 李希妍; 曾晓旭; 肖宁; 唐静; 谢怡然; 杨磊; 王大燕; 黄维娟

doi:10.3784/jbjc.202409040507

2023年中国A(H1N1)pdm09亚型流感病毒抗原和基因特性分析

Analysis on antigenic and genetic characteristics of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus isolated in China, 2023

摘要

摘要:
目的分析2023年中国分离的A（H1N1）pdm09亚型流感病毒的抗原和基因特性。
方法对2 148株A（H1N1）pdm09亚型流感毒株用红细胞凝集抑制试验进行抗原分析，对其中505株毒株进行序列测定和分析。
结果 2023年检测的2 148株毒株中，95.00%以上的毒株抗原性与疫苗株A/Victoria/4897/2022和A/West Virginia/30/2022类似；98.42%（497/505）测序毒株的血凝素（HA）基因属于C.1分支，在此分支中存在多个有共同氨基酸位点变异的小分支；在测序毒株中，11株毒株有已知对神经氨酸酶抑制剂耐药的E119A、Q136K和H275Y氨基酸位点变异。
结论 2023年中国流行的A（H1N1）pdm09亚型流感病毒与同期的疫苗株抗原性匹配，但HA基因存在多样性的特点。

Abstract:
Objective To analyze the antigenic and genetic characteristics of influenza A（H1N1）pdm09 virus isolated in China in 2023.
Methods Antigenic analysis on 2 148 strains of influenza A（H1N1）pdm09 virus were performed by using hemagglutination inhibition test, and 505 of the strains were used for gene sequencing and analysis.
Results In the 2 148 strains of influenza A（H1N1）pdm09 virus tested in 2023, >95.00% shared similar antigenic characteristics with vaccine strains A/Victoria/4897/2022 and A/West Virginia/30/2022. And 98.42% （497/505） of sequenced strains had hemagglutinin （HA） gene belonging to clade C.1, in which there were multiple small subclades with common amino acid variations. Among the sequenced strains, 11 had known neuraminidase inhibitor resistance E119A, Q136K and H275Y substitutions.
Conclusion Influenza A（H1N1）pdm09 virus circulating in China in 2023 antigenically matched well with the vaccine strains, but the HA gene had varied genetic characteristics.

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