Objective To investigate the current status of antiviral treatment and influencing factors in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected pregnant women in Hubei province and provide evidence for the improvement of the strategy of eliminating mother-to-child transmission of HIV.

Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the epidemiological data of HIV-infected pregnant women in Hubei from January 2004 to December 2023, which were collected from national information system of integrated prevention of mother-to-child transmission management. Univariate χ² test and logistic regression methods were used to analyze the current status of antiviral treatment and influencing factors in HIV-infected pregnant women in Hubei.

Results A total of 761 HIV-infected pregnant women were reported in Hubei, their average age was 28.64±5.40 years. They usually had education level of junior high school or below (52.17%, 397), and 588 of them (77.27%) received antiviral treatment. From 2004 to 2023, the antiviral treatment rate in HIV-infected pregnant women in Hubei increased from 45.65% to 98.15% (trend χ²=123.667, P<0.001), and the treatment rate in early pregnancy increased from 2.38% to 81.13% (trend χ²=140.126, P<0.001). The results of multivariate analysis showed that the childbirth year from 2016 to 2023 adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=4.52, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.65−7.70, education level at or above senior high school (aOR=2.39, 95%CI: 1.15−4.98), 1-2 follow-up visits during pregnancy (aOR=2.67, 95%CI: 1.29−5.53), 3-4 follow-up visits during pregnancy (aOR=3.77, 95%CI: 1.79−7.96) and ≥5 follow-up during pregnancy (aOR=6.48, 95%CI: 3.36−12.48) were the positive factors for the compliance of antiviral treatment in the HIV-infected pregnant women (P<0.05). Non-local residence (aOR=0.56, 95%CI: 0.33−0.93) and intrapartum/postnatal confirmed infection (aOR=0.07, 95%CI: 0.04−0.14) were the negative factors for the compliance of antiviral treatment in the HIV-infected pregnant women (P<0.05).

Conclusion The compliancy of antiviral treatment in HIV-infected pregnant women was improved in Hubei, but many factors affected the compliance of antiviral treatment. It is necessary to strengthen the management of the populations at risk according to the influencing factors, standardize the implementation of mother-to-child blocking intervention services, and further improve the rate of antiviral treatment in HIV-infected pregnant women.