2014－2024年浙江省温州市龙湾区副溶血弧菌流行病学监测及致病因子分析

周珊慧; 郑琼琼; 王晓红; 陈珞珞

doi:10.3784/jbjc.202501060010

2014－2024年浙江省温州市龙湾区副溶血弧菌流行病学监测及致病因子分析

Epidemiological surveillance and pathogenic factor analysis of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Longwan district of Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 2014−2024

摘要

摘要:
目的分析浙江省温州市龙湾区2014—2024年副溶血弧菌流行病学规律与病原学特征，为防控由副溶血弧菌引发的食源性疾病提供基础科学依据。
方法收集2014—2024年龙湾区食源性疾病监测中有可疑食物暴露史的以腹泻症状为主诉病例的粪便样本，进行副溶血弧菌分离鉴定、血清学分型和毒力基因检测，分析其流行特征。采用SPSS 25.0统计软件对结果数据进行分析处理，统计学分析采用χ²检验，P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。
结果 3 623份标本中检出276株副溶血弧菌，总检出率为7.62%。检出率从2月开始逐渐升高，9月最高（15.82%），随后降低。男女性均有病例，以青壮年感染发病最多。各个街道均有副溶血弧菌感染病例。菌株中共检出9个O群和22个K型，其中O3:K6检出数最多（29.35%）。 2015—2016年血清型以O4:KUT为主；2017—2020年优势血清型为O3:K6；2020年开始出现O10:K4血清型，并于2021—2024年变为优势血清型。所有菌株不耐热性溶血素编码基因tlh均阳性，96.74%的菌株耐热直接溶血素（TDH）编码基因tdh阳性，2.54%的菌株TDH相关溶血素编码基因trh阳性。
结论龙湾区副溶血弧菌感染病例的流行特征呈现明显的季节性和特定年龄段人群分布，同时该地区菌株的血清型具有多样性，且毒力基因分布呈现特定模式。对其血清型及毒力基因的动态变迁进行不间断的监测与分析，对有效防控具有重要意义。

Abstract:
Objective To analyze the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Longwan district of Wenzhou, Zhejiang province, 2014−2024, and provide evidence for the prevention and control of foodborne diseases caused by V. parahaemolyticus.
Methods In the foodborne disease surveillance from 2014 to 2024, fecal samples were collected from diarrhea cases with suspected food exposures in Longwan, the isolation and identification, serological typing, and virulence gene detection of V. parahaemolyticus were conducted, and the epidemiological characteristics of V. parahaemolyticus infection were analyzed. Software SPSS 25.0 was used for data process, and χ² test was used for statistical analysis.
Results In 3 623 samples, 276 strains of V. parahaemolyticus were isolated (7.62%). The annual detection rate increased gradually from February, peaked in September (15.82%), and then decreased. The infection cases occurred in both men and women, the highest incidence rate was observed in young adults. The infection cases were reported in all communities. A total of 9 O serogroups and 22 K serotypes of V. parahaemolyticus were identified, in which O3:K6 was predominant (29.35%). From 2015 to 2016, the predominant serotype was O4:KUT. From 2017 to 2020, the predominant serotype was O3:K6. In 2020, serotype O10:K4 emerged and became predominant during 2021 - 2024. All the strains were positive for thermolabile hemolysin (TLH) encoding gene tlh, and 96.74% of the strains were positive for thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) encoding gene tdh, and 2.54% of the strains were positive for TDH-related hemolysin (TRH) encoding gene trh.
Conclusion The incidence of V. parahaemolyticus infection in Longwan showed distinct seasonality and age-specific population distribution. Additionally, the local strains exhibited serotype diversity and specific virulence gene distribution. Continuous surveillance for the temporal dynamics of serotypes and virulence genes are of critical importance for the effective prevention and control of V. parahaemolyticus infection.

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