Objective To establish an indicator system suitable for evaluating the reporting system of food poisoning-related public health emergencies in China, providing a reference basis for the evaluation of food poisoning incident reporting systems in the country.

Methods Based on the current status of the food poisoning incident reporting system, an initial evaluation framework was developed through literature review and group discussion. The Delphi method was employed for two rounds of expert consultation to refine the indicator system. The combination weights were determined using the Analytic Hierarchy Process （AHP） and Rank Sum Ratio （RSR） methods, culminating in the establishment of an evaluation index system for the food poisoning incident reporting system.

Results The positive response rates for the two rounds of expert consultations were 0.95 and 1.00, respectively, with coordination coefficients of 0.23 and 0.35 （P<0.001）. The expert authority coefficient exceeded 0.85 in both rounds. The weighted mean importance of the indicators was 3.87 （ranging from 2.99 to 4.65）, with an average coefficient of variation of 0.15 （ranging from 0.05 to 0.24）. Ultimately, a hierarchical evaluation index system for the food poisoning incident reporting system was constructed, consisting of three levels: three primary indicators （system construction, reporting quality, and operational support）, 13 secondary indicators, and 69 tertiary indicators. The reliability coefficient （Cronbach's α） of the indicators was 0.981.

Conclusion This study established an evaluation index system for the food poisoning incident reporting system, encompassing the core components of system construction, reporting quality, and operational support. The high level of expert engagement, combined with strong authority and coordination, underscores the robustness of the framework. This system holds significant value for future efforts in evaluating food poisoning incident reporting systems.