2013－2022年北京市昌平区其他感染性腹泻流行特征及变化趋势分析

李飒; 王瑞琴; 钟伟强; 芦丹; 韩莹; 田祎

doi:10.3784/jbjc.202501150019

2013－2022年北京市昌平区其他感染性腹泻流行特征及变化趋势分析

Analysis of the epidemic characteristics and trends of other infectious diarrhea in changping district, Beijing from 2013 to 2022

摘要

摘要:
目的分析2013—2022年北京市昌平区其他感染性腹泻流行特征及变化趋势，为科学制定有效防治策略和措施提供依据。
方法以中国疾病预防控制信息系统中2013—2022年上报的其他感染性腹泻病例为研究对象，采用描述性流行病学方法分析其流行特征，应用 Joinpoint 回归模型进行趋势变化分析。
结果 2013—2022年昌平区共报告30 569例其他感染性腹泻病例，年均发病率为154.19/10万，总发病率以2018年为转折点，2013—2018年缓慢上升，但趋势无统计学意义年度变化百分比(APC)_2013-2018=9.62%，P＞0.05，2018—2022年快速下降（APC_2018-2022=−26.85%，P＜0.05）。发病呈明显季节特征，存在夏季（6—8月）和冬季（12—1月）两个发病高峰，月发病率分别以3、7和10月为转折点（APC_1-3=−18.11%，APC_3-7=22.34%，APC_7-10=−19.96%和APC_10-12=22.40%，均P＜0.05）。男性年发病率高于女性（χ²＝38.017，P＜0.001），且男性年发病率变化速度高于女性；发病年龄＜5岁儿童为主（52.07%），发病率随年龄组增长而下降（趋势χ²＝104 667.924，P＜0.001）。
结论昌平区近10年其他感染性腹泻病发病水平总体呈下降趋势，近5年下降更明显，但3～4岁儿童发病率上升。 5岁以下儿童是其他感染性腹泻防控的重点人群，夏季和冬季是防控的重点季节。应结合疾病季节性流行、病原谱特点，对5岁以下儿童、散居儿童采取针对性措施，精准防控。

Abstract:
Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics and trends of other infectious diarrhea diseases in Changping District, Beijing from 2013 to 2022, and provide a basis for scientifically formulating effective prevention and control strategies and measures.
Methods Other infectious diarrhea cases were collected reported in the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System from 2013 to 2022. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemic characteristics, and Joinpoint regression model was used for analyzing the epidemic trend.
Results A total of 30569 cases of other infectious diarrhea were reported in Changping District from 2013 to 2022, with an average annual incidence of 154.19/100000. Taking 2018 as the turning point, a slowly upward trend from 2013 to 2018, but the trend was not statistically significant (APC_2013-2018=9.62%, P>0.05). And there was rapid decline during 2018−2022 (APC_2018-2022=−26.85%, P<0.05). There were two peaks in summer (June-August) and winter (December-January), with the monthly incidence turning points in March, July and October (APC_1-3=−18.11%, APC_3-7=22.34%, APC_7-10=−19.96% and APC_10-12=22.40%, all P<0.05 respectively). The annual incidence rate of male was higher than that of female (χ²=38.017, P<0.001), and the annual incidence rate of male was higher than that of female. The majority of cases were in children < 5 years old (52.07%), and the incidence decreased with the increase of age group (trend χ²=104667.924, P<0.001).
Conclusion The incidence of other infectious diarrhea diseases in Changping District has shown an downward trend in the past 10 years, with a more significant decline in the past 5 years. However, the incidence of children aged 3−4 has shown a significant upward trend, with children under 5 years old being the key population for prevention and control, and summer and winter being the key seasons for prevention and control. Targeted measures should be taken to accurately prevent and control the spread and spread of diseases among children under 5 years old and scattered children, taking into account the seasonal prevalence and pathogen spectrum characteristics of the disease.

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