Objective To assess the risk of public health emergencies that may occur or be imported from abroad in China (except Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions and Taiwan province, the same below) in January 2025.

Methods Based on the reports of domestic and foreign public health emergencies and surveillance results of key infectious diseases or notifications from relative agencies and departments, the expert consultation conference was hold and experts from provincial (autonomous region and municipal) centers for disease control and prevention attended this conference through video terminal.

Results It is predicted that the main public health emergencies in January 2025 would be infectious diseases. At present, the acute respiratory infectious diseases continue to rise, the positive rate of influenza virus in southern and northern provinces of China has risen rapidly. The recent epidemic situation of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in China is slightly fluctuating, it is estimated that the COVID-19 may remain at a low level in January 2025. The risk of human infection with avian influenza has not changed compared with previous levels. At the end of December 2024, China reported the first case that infected with the mpox virus clade Ib. At present, the mpox in China is spreading at a low level, and there is also a continuous risk of imported cases leading to local transmission. In the past three months, there has been an upward trend in norovirus outbreaks, it is expected that the number of norovirus enteritis outbreaks may slightly decrease in January because of winter vacation. However, with the start of new semester in February, the norovirus enteritis may rebound. Non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning has entered a high-incidence period, especially in northern China, where the weather is cold and improper heating methods can easily lead to poisoning.

Conclusion Attention should be paid to multiple acute respiratory infectious diseases, influenza, COVID-19, human infection with avian influenza, mpox, norovirus enteritis, and non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning.