Abstract: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Leptospira. With economic development, convenient transportation and the change of ecological environment, humans, animals and the environment are more closely connected, and Leptospira spreads faster and farther than before. As a result, the problem of controlling leptospirosis is more complex and intractable than ever. “One Health” implies trans-disciplinary, trans-sectoral and trans-regional approach, focusing on all aspects of the disease transmission process to seeking the health and development of human, animals and our environment. Based on the concept of “One Health”, this paper summarizes the epidemic status of leptospirosis in humans, Leptospira characteristics and the infection situation of host animals, analyzes the influence of natural and social environmental factors on the occurrence and epidemic of leptospirosis, and proposes coping strategies for leptospirosis, so as to achieve “preventing human diseases by preventing animal diseases, shifting the focus to the source”, further reduce the risk of disease and ensure public health safety.