Abstract: In February 2025, a total of 68 infectious diseases were reported globally, affecting 236 countries and regions. Except for influenza, the top five infectious diseases affecting greatest number of countries and regions were Coronavirus disease 2019 （COVID-19） （236）, mpox （130）, dengue fever （29）, cholera （23） and measles （22）. The top five infectious diseases with highest case fatality rates were Marburg virus disease （100.00%）, human infection with avian influenza A（H5N1） （48.00%）, Middle East respiratory syndrome （36.1%）, Ebola virus disease （28.60%） and Lassa fever （19.70%）. The top five infectious diseases with greatest number of deaths were COVID-19, cholera, mpox, dengue fever and Lassa fever. The prevalent infectious diseases in Asia were COVID-19, cholera, dengue fever, mpox and poliomyelitis, the prevalent infectious diseases in Africa were COVID-19, cholera, Ebola virus disease, Marburg virus disease, Lassa fever, mpox, malaria, dengue fever and poliomyelitis, the prevalent infectious diseases in America were COVID-19, dengue fever, mpox and human infection with avian influenza A（H5N1）, the prevalent infectious disease in Europe were COVID-19, mpox and measles.