Objective To assess the risk of public health emergencies that may occur or be imported from abroad in China （except Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions and Taiwan region, the same below） in March 2025.

Methods Based on the reports of domestic and foreign public health emergencies and surveillance results of key infectious diseases or notifications from relative agencies and departments, the expert consultation conference was hold and experts from provincial （autonomous region and municipal） centers for disease control and prevention attended this conference through video terminal.

Results It is predicted that the incidence of public health emergencies in March 2025 would be higher than that in February 2025. The main public health emergencies would be infectious diseases. The current acute respiratory infectious disease continues to show a downward trend, and influenza activity will continue to decline, mainly dominated by the A（H1N1）pdm09 subtype. The number of reported measles cases nationwide has been on the rise since the autumn and winter of 2024, and it is expected that the incidence level in March will be comparable to that in February, 2025. The overall measles incidence in 2025 is expected to increase. The number of hepatitis A cases has exceeded the same period in 2021−2024 since January 2025, and it is expected that there will still be fluctuations in the epidemic situation in March. There is a possibility of sporadic and small clusters of human infection with avian influenza. The mpox virus Ⅱb sub branch epidemic will continue to fluctuate at a low level. There is a possibility of mpox Ⅰb sub branch epidemic entering China.

Conclusion Attention should be paid to multiple acute respiratory infectious diseases, influenza, measles, hepatitis A, human infection with avian influenza, mpox.