Abstract: In May 2025, a total of 76 infectious diseases were reported globally, affecting 236 countries and regions. Except for influenza, the top five infectious diseases affecting greatest number of countries and regions were coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (236), mpox (133), dengue fever (31), measles (26) and cholera (20). The top five infectious diseases with highest case fatality rates were human infection with avian influenza A(H5N1) (48.30%), yellow fever (40.90%), Middle East respiratory syndrome (36.00%), Lassa fever (19.10%) and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (6.20%). The top five infectious diseases with greatest number of deaths were COVID-19, cholera, measles, dengue fever and mpox. The prevalent infectious diseases in Asia were COVID-19, cholera, Middle East respiratory syndrome, dengue fever, mpox, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever and measles, the prevalent infectious diseases in Africa were COVID-19, cholera, Lassa fever, mpox, poliomyelitis, malaria and measles, the prevalent infectious diseases in America were COVID-19, yellow fever, dengue fever, mpox and measles, the prevalent infectious disease in Europe were COVID-19, mpox and measles.