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2023年山东省青岛市住院患儿支原体肺炎流行情况及疾病负担分析

Incidence and disease burden analysis of Mycoplasma pneumonia in hospitalized children in Qingdao, Shandong, 2023

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 了解山东省青岛市住院患儿支原体肺炎的流行情况和经济负担，为儿童支原体肺炎的防控提供依据。
    方法 以2023年1—12月青岛市妇女儿童医院、青岛市平度市人民医院、青岛市黄岛区中心医院3家医疗机构支原体肺炎住院患儿为研究对象，收集患儿的临床资料，使用Excel 2019和SPSS 21.0软件对数据进行整理和分析。 同时随机抽取200例患儿进行电话随访，了解疾病经济负担。
    结果 2023年1—12月3家医疗机构共收治支原体肺炎住院患儿4 947例，占同期住院肺炎患儿数的43.77%。 女性患儿支原体肺炎占同期肺炎比例（47.24%）高于男性患儿（41.06%），两者的差异有统计学意义（χ2=43.189，P＜0.001）。 支原体肺炎在不同年龄阶段的儿童均可发病，学龄期和学龄前期儿童发病比例较高，各年龄组间支原体肺炎占同期肺炎比例的差异有统计学意义（χ2=3 347.600，P＜0.001）。 支原体肺炎在春季、夏季、秋季、冬季所占比例分别为27.06%、27.04%、60.64%、47.18%，不同季节支原体肺炎比例差异有统计学意义（χ2=1 056.594，P＜0.001）。 支原体肺炎住院患儿人均总经济负担为5 086.90元，其中直接经济负担为4 115.16元（包括药物费用和门诊费用），间接经济负担为971.74元。
    结论 青岛市全年均有支原体肺炎病例，秋冬季患儿较多，肺炎支原体感染女童多于男童，学龄期和学龄前期儿童多于其他年龄期儿童，支原体肺炎产生的经济负担也不可忽视。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective To investigate the incidence and economic burden of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children in Qingdao, Shandong province, and provide evidence for the prevention and control of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children.
    Methods The clinical data of the children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae hospitalized in Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao Pingdu People's Hospital, and Qingdao Huangdao District Central Hospital from January to December 2023 were collected. Software Excel 2019 and SPSS 21.0 were used for data process and analysis. Meanwhile, 200 sick children were randomly selected for telephone interview to investigate their economic burden due the illness.
    Results From January to December 2023, a total of 4 947 children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae were hospitalized in the three hospitals mentioned above, accounting for 43.77% of the total hospitalized children with pneumonia. The proportion of Mycoplasma pneumoniae cases in girls (47.24%) was higher than that in boys (41.06%), the difference was significant (χ2=43.189, P<0.001). Mycoplasma pneumoniae can occur in children in different age groups, and the case proportion was higher in school-age and preschool-age children. The differences in proportion of Mycoplasma pneumoniae cases in total pneumonia cases among different age groups were significant (χ2=3 347.600, P<0.001). The proportions of Mycoplasma pneumoniae cases in spring, summer, autumn and winter were 27.06%, 27.04%, 60.64% and 47.18%, respectively, the differences were significant (χ2=1 056.594, P<0.001). The per capita total economic burden of hospitalized children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae was 5 086.90 yuan, of which the direct economic burden was 4 115.16 yuan (including drug costs and outpatient expenses) and the indirect economic burden was 971.74 yuan.
    Conclusion In Qingdao, Mycoplasma pneumoniae occurs all the year round, with high incidence in autumn and winter. More Mycoplasma pneumoniae cases occurred in girls compared with boys, more cases occurred in school-age and preschool-age children compared with other age groups. The economic burden due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae should not be neglected.

     

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