Prevalence of myopia in primary and secondary school students in Baotou, Inner Mongolia, 2020
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摘要:
目的 掌握内蒙古自治区包头市中小学生近视现况及其影响因素,为制定近视科学防控策略和针对性的干预措施提供依据。 方法 采用分层整群抽样方法抽取包头市8 591名学生进行调查,利用描述性流行病学方法分析包头市学生近视现状,利用多因素logistic回归分析筛选影响近视的危险因素和保护因素。 结果 包头市学生整体近视率为73.1%,其中,小学生近视率为57.6%;初中生近视率为77.1%;高中生近视率为87.2%。 先单因素后多因素法logistic回归分析显示,女生、学段增高以及校外用眼(1周内平均每天放学后读写时间2 h以上、参加课外补习班、1周内参加课外补习班2 h以上);近距离用眼(包括视屏时间超过2 h、经常或总是天黑后关灯看电子屏幕、经常躺着或趴着看书或电脑屏幕、经常走路或乘车时看书或电子屏幕、近距离用眼时间超过50 min);读写姿势错误、老师不提醒读写姿势;白天户外活动时间少、每天睡眠时间不达标是近视的危险因素。 郊县、一学年调整一次课桌椅高度、在校每日做2次以上眼保健操、课间休息到户外是近视的保护因素。 结论 建议地方政府出台政策、家校联动、医教结合、多部门共同参与,采取干预措施,降低学生近视发病率。 Abstract:Objective To understand the prevalence of myopia and its influencing factors in primary and secondary school students in Baotou and provide evidence for the development of myopia prevention and control strategies and targeted intervention measures. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 8591 primary and secondary school students in Baotou to conduct the survey. The current myopia prevalence in Baotou students was analyzed by using descriptive epidemiological methods, and the risk factors and protective factors were identified using multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results The overall prevalence rate of myopia in students in Baotou was 73.1%, and the prevalence rate was 57.6% in primary school students, 77.1% in junior high school students and 87.2% in senior high school students. The univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses showed that being girl, higher grade and out-of-school eye use (reading and writing for more than 2 hours a day averagely in a week, attending tutoring classes, attending tutoring classes for more than 2 hours in a week); short distance eye use (watching electronic screens for more than 2 hours, often or always watching electronic screens without turning on light in the evening, often lying on back or stomach to read book or watch computer screen, and reading books or watching electronic screens while walking or riding frequently, using eyes at short distance for more than 50 minutes); incorrect reading and writing posture, no correct reading and writing posture advice from teachers; less time spent outdoors during daytime and poor sleep were risk factors for myopia. Living in suburban area, adjusting the height of desks and chairs once a school year, doing eye exercises at school more than twice a day and outdoor break were protective factors for myopia. Conclusion It is necessary to make joint efforts by local government, families, schools and medical institutions to reduce the prevalence of myopia in students. -
Key words:
- Myopia /
- Influencing factor /
- Primary and secondary school students /
- Baotou
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表 1 2020年包头市学生近视率情况
Table 1. Prevalence rate of myopia in primary and secondary school students in Baotou, 2020
变量 总人数
(人)近视人数
(人)近视率
(%)χ2值 P值 城乡划分 18.419 <0.05 城区 4 170 3 135 75.2 郊县 4 421 3 142 71.1 性别 90.775 <0.05 男性 4 207 2 878 68.4 女性 4 384 3 399 77.5 学校类型 663.483 <0.05 小学 3 115 1 795 57.6 初中 2 906 2 240 77.1 高中 2 570 2 242 87.2 民族 9.832 <0.05 汉族 7 935 5 807 73.2 蒙古族 463 342 73.9 其他 193 128 66.3 合计 8 591 6 277 73.1 表 2 2020年包头市中小学生近视影响因素的单因素分析
Table 2. Univaraite Logistic analysis on influencing factors for myopia in primary and secondary school students in Baotou, 2020
变量 近视率(%) χ2值 P值 变量 近视率(%) χ2值 P值 城乡划分 18.42 <0.001 近距离用眼情况 城区 75.2 天黑后看电子屏幕关灯吗 38.073 <0.001 郊县 71.1 从不或偶尔 72.2 性别 90.775 <0.001 经常或总是 81.0 男性 68.4 会躺着或趴着看书或电子屏幕吗 47.014 <0.001 女性 77.5 从不或偶尔 71.7 学校类型 663.483 <0.001 经常或总是 79.9 小学 57.6 走路或乘车时看书或电子屏幕吗 20.627 <0.001 初中 77.1 从不或偶尔 72.7 高中 87.2 经常或总是 80.8 校内用眼情况 天黑后在家写字用什么灯光 10.589 <0.001 课桌椅高度调整情况 27.346 <0.001 达标 75.0 从不或课桌椅不可调 74.9 不达标 71.8 至少一学年一次 69.4 视屏时间(h) 12.710 <0.001 在校每日做眼保健操情况(次) 106.79 <0.001 <2 74.7 ≤1 77.4 ≥2 79.2 ≥2 67.3 眼睛距电脑显示屏距离 3.671 0.055 课间休息活动场所 36.660 <0.001 达标 72.5 教室 76.0 不达标 74.4 户外 70.1 近距离用眼时间 34.208 <0.001 校外用眼情况 达标 71.4 过去1周放学读写时间(h) 58.811 <0.001 不达标 77.5 <2 71.9 户外活动及睡眠 ≥2 75.2 白天户外活动时间 6.761 0.009 过去1周参加文化类补习班时间(h) 39.333 <0.001 达标 72.6 <2 69.2 不达标 75.3 ≥2 75.0 每天睡眠时间 8.724 0.003 参加课外学习班时年龄(岁) 24.451 <0.001 达标 68.9 <6 69.1 不达标 73.8 ≥6 75.3 其他影响因素 从来不参加 70.8 读写姿势 28.070 <0.001 正确 69.4 错误 74.9 老师提醒注意读写姿势 21.865 <0.001 是 71.2 否 75.7 表 3 2020年包头市中小学生近视影响因素的多因素分析
Table 3. Multivariate analysis on influencing factors for myopia in primary and secondary school students in Baotou in 2020
变量 β OR值(95%CI) P值 城乡划分 城区 1.000 郊县 −0.201 0.818(0.742~0.901) <0.001 性别 男性 1.000 女性 0.466 1.594(1.446~1.757) <0.001 学校类型 小学 1.000 初中 1.602 4.964(4.329~5.693) <0.001 高中 0.707 2.028(1.753~2.346) <0.001 课桌椅高度调整情况 从不或课桌椅不可调 1.000 一学年一次 −0.276 0.759(0.675~0.852) <0.001 在校每日做眼保健操情况(次) ≤1 1.000 ≥2 −0.511 0.600(0.544~0.661) <0.001 课间休息活动场所 教室 1.000 户外 −0.298 0.742(0.674~0.818) <0.001 过去1周平均每天放学后读写时间(h) 没有作业 1.000 <2 −0.639 0.528(0.182~1.529) <0.001 ≥2 0.232 1.261(1.143~1.391) <0.001 过去1周参加文化类补习班时间(h) 无补习班 1.000 <2 −0.068 0.934(0.827~1.054) <0.001 ≥2 0.241 1.273(1.119~1.448) <0.001 参加课外学习班时年龄(岁) 从没参加过 1.000 <6 0.228 1.257(1.131~1.396) <0.001 ≥6 0.303 1.354(1.148~1.597) <0.001 读写姿势 正确 1.000 错误 0.293 1.340(1.210~1.484) <0.001 老师提醒注意读写姿势 是 1.000 否 0.231 1.260(1.144~1.389) <0.001 视屏时间(h) <2 1.000 ≥2 0.256 1.292(1.122~1.488) <0.001 天黑后看电子屏幕关灯吗 从不或偶尔 1.000 经常或总是 0.498 1.645(1.403~1.929) <0.001 躺着或趴着看书或电子屏幕 从不或偶尔 1.000 经常或总是 0.452 1.572(1.380~1.790) <0.001 走路或乘车时看书或电子屏幕 从不或偶尔 1.000 经常或总是 0.458 1.581(1.295~1.929) <0.001 近距离用眼时间 达标 1.000 不达标 0.321 1.378(1.238~1.535) <0.001 白天户外活动时间 达标 1.000 不达标 0.148 1.160(1.037~1.296) <0.001 每天睡眠时间 达标 1.000 不达标 0.240 1.271(1.084~1.491) <0.001 -
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