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摘要:
目的 分析四川省青海田鼠鼠疫自然疫源地变化趋势,为鼠疫防控对策的制定提供参考依据。 方法 按照《全国鼠疫监测方案》和《四川省鼠疫监测方案》在青海田鼠鼠疫疫源地持续开展宿主动物、媒介和病原学监测,采用描述性流行病学方法对2013—2020年四川省青海田鼠鼠疫监测数据进行分析。 结果 2013—2020年共捕获青海田鼠5007只,捕获夜行鼠283只,鼠密度介于113.14~123.81只/公顷之间,鼠体染蚤率为58.46%,平均蚤指数为0.95,巢穴染蚤率100%,巢穴蚤指数为70.03,检获蚤类主要为细钩黄鼠蚤和直缘双蚤指名亚种,检出鼠疫菌25株,阳性血清13份。 结论 2013—2020年四川省青海田鼠鼠疫自然疫源地宿主动物和蚤类总体稳定,动物间鼠疫流行处于活跃状态,存在发生动物源性人间鼠疫和鼠疫远距离传播的风险,应继续在青海田鼠活动频繁的季节开展鼠疫监测。 Abstract:Objective To analyze the changing trends of the natural Microtus fuscus plague foci in Sichuan province and provide reference for the prevention and control of plague. Methods According to “National Plague Surveillance Protocol” and “Sichuan Province Plague Surveillance Protocol”, continuous surveillance for host animals, vectors and pathogens in the natural Microtus fuscus plague foci in Sichuan were conducted. Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze natural Microtus fuscus plague foci surveillance data in Sichuan from 2013 to 2020. Results From 2013 to 2020, a total of 5007 Microtus fuscus and 283 nocturnal mice were captured. The rodent density of Microtus fuscus ranged from 113.14 to 123.81 perhectare. The flea infection rate was 58.46%, the average flea index was 0.95, and the nest flea infection rate was 100%, the nest flea index was 70.03. The main fleas seized were Chrysosphaeria gracilis and Amphiprion. A total of 25 strains of Yersinia pestis were isolated and 13 positive serum samples were detected. Conclusion From 2013 to 2020, the status of host animals and fleas in the natural Microtus fuscus plague foci in Sichuan were relatively stable, the epidemic of plague among animals was active, and there was a risk of spread of the epidemics in animals to humans and wider spread of plague. It is necessary to continue the plague surveillance in season when Microtus fuscusactivities are frequent.. -
Key words:
- Microtus fuscus /
- Plague /
- Surveillance
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表 1 四川省2013-2020年青海田鼠疫源地野外夜行鼠监测结果
Table 1. Surveillance results of nocturnal ratin natural Microtus fuscus plague fociin Sichuan, 2013−2020
年份 布夹数
(个)捕鼠数
(只)捕获率
(%)鼠种 高原鼠兔 青海田鼠 藏苍鼠 2013 3240 30 0.93 6 24 0 2014 3560 41 1.15 12 28 1 2015 3200 45 1.41 12 33 0 2016 2100 29 1.38 5 21 3 2017 1710 22 1.29 1 17 4 2018 2420 30 1.24 0 30 0 2019 3300 40 1.21 0 35 5 2020 4190 46 1.10 0 41 5 合计 23720 283 1.19 36 229 18 表 2 四川省2013-2020年青海田鼠鼠疫疫源地体蚤监测结果
Table 2. Surveillance results of flea innatural Microtus fuscus plague fociin Sichuan, 2013−2020
年份 捕鼠数(只) 染蚤鼠(只) 获蚤(匹) 染蚤率(%) 蚤指数 蚤种类 细钩盖蚤 细钩黄鼠蚤 直缘双蚤指名亚种 青海双蚤 2013 633 333 573 52.61 0.91 328 0 242 3 2014 633 404 718 63.82 1.13 417 0 296 5 2015 628 329 508 52.39 0.81 0 318 188 2 2016 625 376 617 60.16 0.99 0 406 208 3 2017 614 355 604 57.82 0.98 0 421 180 3 2018 650 404 629 62.15 0.97 0 417 206 6 2019 594 342 535 57.58 0.90 0 359 174 2 2020 630 384 594 60.95 0.94 0 412 178 4 合计 5007 2927 4778 58.46 0.95 745 2333 1672 28 表 3 四川省2013-2020年青海田鼠鼠疫疫源地巢穴蚤监测结果
Table 3. Surveillance results of nest flea innatural Microtus fuscus plague fociin Sichuan, 2013−2020
年份 挖巢数(个) 染蚤巢数(个) 获蚤(匹) 蚤指数 蚤种类 细钩黄鼠蚤 直缘双蚤指名亚种 青海双蚤 2013 35 35 1080 30.86 651 428 1 2014 38 38 2447 64.39 1467 968 12 2015 35 35 1745 49.86 1135 602 8 2016 44 44 3325 75.57 2242 1072 11 2017 29 29 2599 89.62 1872 717 10 2018 50 50 4982 99.64 3607 1355 20 合计 231 231 16178 70.03 10974 5142 62 注:由于生态环境保护要求,2019和2020年未进行巢穴蚤调查 -
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