Diversity of Anaplasma in rodents in some areas of Yunnan province, China, 2019−2020
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摘要:
目的 了解云南省小型兽类感染无形体的情况,为当地无形体病的防控提供科学依据。 方法 2019—2020年在云南省西部2个县(市),北部5个县(市)选点,采用笼日法和夹夜法捕获小型兽类,经形态鉴定后取肝、脾脏器组织,提取DNA,用半巢式聚合酶链式反应(PCR)扩增无形体属16S rRNA基因660 bp目的片段,对阳性产物进行测序,所得序列作同源性分析和遗传进化分析。 结果 共捕获小型兽类1 142只,经鉴定分属3目8科21属39种。 PCR扩增阳性21份,总阳性率1.84%。 其中14份为嗜吞噬细胞无形体,6份为绵羊无形体,1份为牛无形体。 阳性小型兽类分属1目2科3属6种,均是啮齿动物。 在孟连县和元谋县的斯氏家鼠、黄胸鼠、褐家鼠中检出嗜吞噬细胞无形体;在元谋县的斯氏家鼠、黄胸鼠、社鼠和大绒鼠中检出绵羊无形体;在孟连县的白腹鼠中检出牛无形体。 统计学分析表明,孟连县和元谋县的小型兽类无形体感染率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);不同阳性鼠种的感染率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),白腹鼠和斯氏家鼠感染率较高;不同性别、年龄、生境和海拔的啮齿目小型兽类感染率差异无统计学意义。 结论 云南省啮齿动物携带多种可导致人群和家畜致病的无形体,宿主种类多,但地域分布相对集中,应当重点关注人群、家畜的无形体病的预防控制。 -
关键词:
- 无形体 /
- 16S rRNA基因 /
- 小型兽类
Abstract:Objective To investigate the infection status of Anaplasma spp. in small mammals in Yunnan province, and provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of anaplasmosis. Methods From 2019 to 2020, small mammals were captured by snap traps and rat cages in 2 counties in the west of Yunnan and 5 counties in the north of Yunnan. After morphological identification, DNA was extracted from liver and spleen tissues of small mammals, and then the 660 bp target fragment of 16S rRNA gene of Anaplasma was amplified by semi-nested PCR. The positive amplicons was sequenced, and the recovered sequence was analyzed for homology and genetic evolution. Results A total of 1142 small mammals belonging to 39 species, 21 genera, 8 families, 3 orders were collected, and 21 samples from the small mammals were positive by PCR (1.84%). Among of the small mammals, 14 were infected with A. phagocytophilum, 6 were infected with A. ovis and 1 was infected with A. bovis. The positive small mammals belonging to 6 species, 3 genera, 2 families, 1 order and all were rodents. A. phagocytophilum was detected in R. brunneusculus, R. tanezumi and R. norvegicus in Menglian and Yuanmou counties. A. ovis were detected in R. brunneusculus, R. tanezumi, N. confucianus and E. miletus in Yuanmou county. A. bovis was detected in N. coxingi in Menglian county. Statistical analysis showed that there was a statistical difference in detection rate of Anaplasma in small mammals between Menglian county and Yuanmou county, and there was a statistical difference in detection rate of Anaplasma among small mammals, the detection rate was higher in N. coxingi and R. brunneusculus. No gender, age, habitat and altitude specific differences in detection rate of Anaplasma small mammals of Rodentia were observed. Conclusion Many kinds of rodents in Yunnan carry a variety of anaplasmosis pathogens that can cause disease in human and domestic animals. The various hosts are mainly distributed in some areas, where the prevention and control of anaplasmosis in local people and livestock should be strengthened. -
Key words:
- Anaplasma /
- 16S rRNA /
- Small mammal
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表 1 云南7个县(市)小型兽类感染无形体的检测结果
Table 1. Results of Anaplasma detection in small mammals of 7 counties
调查点 检测数 阳性
数阳性率(%) 嗜吞噬细胞无形体 绵羊无形体 牛无形体 阳性
数阳性率(%) 阳性
数阳性率(%) 阳性
数阳性率(%) 元谋县 226 15 6.64 9 3.98 6 2.65 0 0.00 孟连县 302 6 1.99 5 1.66 0 0.00 1 0.33 陇川县 156 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 水富县 128 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 禄劝县 120 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 洱源县 115 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 绥江县 95 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 合计 1 142 21 1.84 14 1.23 6 0.53 1 0.09 表 2 不同小型兽类感染无形体的检测结果
Table 2. Results of Anaplasma detection in different small mammals
目 科 属 种 样本数 阳性数(%) 啮齿目(Rodetia) 仓鼠科(Cricetidae) 绒鼠属(Eothenomys) 大绒鼠(E. miletus) 62 1(1.61) 黑腹绒鼠(E. melanogaster) 5 0(0.00) 克钦绒鼠(E. cachinus) 1 0(0.00) 滇绒鼠(E. eleusis) 7 0(0.00) 松田鼠属(Pitymys) 白尾松田鼠( P. leucurus) 6 0(0.00) 鼠科(Muridae) 姬鼠属(Apodemus) 齐氏姬鼠(A. chevrieri)
中华姬鼠(A. draco)51
30(0.00)
0(0.00)大耳姬鼠(A. latronum) 2 0(0.00) 黑线姬鼠(A. agrarius) 12 0(0.00) 滇攀鼠属(Vernaya) 滇攀鼠(V. fulva) 2 0(0.00) 硕鼠属(Berylmys) 青毛鼠(B. bowersi) 6 0(0.00) 小鼠属(Mus) 卡氏小鼠(M. caroli) 20 0(0.00) 锡金小鼠(M. pahari) 23 0(0.00) 小家鼠(M. musculus) 6 0(0.00) 家鼠属(Rattus) 斯氏家鼠(R. brunneusculus) 174 13(7.47) 褐家鼠(R. norvegicus) 74 1(1.35) 黄胸鼠(R. tanezumi) 265 4(1.51) 大足鼠(R. nitidus) 10 0(0.00) 巢鼠属(Micromys) 巢鼠(M. minutus) 19 0(0.00) 白腹鼠属(Niviventer) 社鼠(N. confucianus) 56 1(1.79) 白腹鼠(N. coxingi) 1 1(100.00) 针毛鼠(N. fulvescens) 79 0(0.00) 长尾巨鼠属(Leopoldamys) 白腹巨鼠(L. edwardsi) 7 0(0.00) 松鼠科(Sciuridae) 长吻松鼠属(Dremomys) 赤颊长吻松鼠(D. rufigenis) 1 0(0.00) 珀氏长吻松鼠(D. pernyi) 1 0(0.00) 猪尾鼠科(Platacnthomyinae) 猪尾鼠属(Typhlomys) 猪尾鼠(T. cinereus) 1 0(0.00) 合计 / / / 894 21(2.35) 食虫目(Insectivora) 鼩鼱科(Soricidae) 长尾鼩鼱属(Soriculus) 印度长尾鼩鼱(S. leucops) 2 0(0.00) 鼩鼱属(Sores) 高山鼩鼱(S. alpinus)
纹背鼩鼱(S. cylindricauda)2
50(0.00)
0(0.00)臭鼩属(Suneus) 臭鼩鼱(S. murinus) 100 0(0.00) 微尾鼩属(Anoweosorex) 四川短尾鼩(A. squamipes) 25 0(0.00) 麝鼩属(Crocidura) 灰麝鼩(C. attenuata)
小麝鼩(C. suaveolens)30
10(0.00)
0(0.00)中麝鼩(C. russula) 11 0(0.00) 长尾大麝鼩(C. dracula) 16 0(0.00) 猬科(Erinaceidae) 鼩猬属(Neotetracus) 中华新猬(N. sinensis) 13 0(0.00) 毛猬属(Hylomys) 毛猬(H. suillus) 14 0(0.00) 鼹科(Talpidea) 长吻鼩鼹属(Nasillus) 多齿鼩鼹(N. gracilis) 3 0(0.00) 合计 / / / 222 0(0.00) 攀鼩目(Scandentia) 树鼩科(Tupaiidae) 树鼩属(Tupaia) 贝氏树鼩鼱(T. belangeri) 26 0(0.00) 总计 / / / 1 142 21(1.84) 注:括号内数据为阳性率;/. 表示不能计算 表 3 不同分类情况下啮齿目小型兽类感染无形体分析
Table 3. Anaplasma infection in small mammals of rodentia under different classification
因素 检测数 阳性数 感染率(%) χ2值 P值 采样地 / <0.001 孟连县 242 15 2.48 元谋县 208 6 7.21 陇川县 84 0 0.00 水富县 97 0 0.00 禄劝县 88 0 0.00 洱源县 91 0 0.00 绥江县 84 0 0.00 性别 0.331 0.565 雌 481 10 2.08 雄 413 11 2.66 生境 4.827 0.090 林区 243 9 3.70 农耕区 532 12 2.26 居民区 119 0 0.00 年龄 1.050 0.305 成年 634 17 2.68 未成年 260 4 1.54 海拔(m) 3.579 0.167 <1 500 434 6 1.38 1 500~2 500 352 12 3.41 >2 500 108 3 2.78 注:/. 表示无法计算 -
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