Abstract: Objective The present investigation wss conducted to know HIV and syphilis infection a mong drug-abusing popuhtion in Xinhui district and furnish a scientific basis for formulating measures for its prevention and control Methods Serological detection of HIV and syphilis was performed for some drug abusers in custody in 2004 in Xinhui district Results Studies of blood samples from 516 drug abusers showed that the positive rates of anti-HIV and syphilis antibody was 6.4％(33/516) and 9.3％ (48/516) respectively Of the 33 HIV infection cases detected，the rate of HIV/TP dual infection was 1.2％ (6/516). The infection rate of TP wss 27.1％(19/70) in female drug abusers and 6.5％(29/446) in male drag abusers COnCIUsion Surveillance should be enforced and promotion of knowledge of prevention is to be strengthened among drug-abusing population Every intervention possible should be taken to reduce the risk of spread of HIV among high-risk population