Abstract: Objective The study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of the initiative- sampling workplace occupational health surveillance system that covered the major provinces and cities across the country. Methods Stratified cluster sampling was used in the investigation. Results The sample size was contributed by 65,049 industrial and mining enterprises distributing in 18 provinces. The surveillance indicators included the occupational health management of production units, occupational diseases, loss of working days, occupational health physical examinations, occupational hazards, and soforth. The surveillance data were summarized and reported through the surveillance data system.Conclusion It is required to establish an initiative-sampling workplace occupational health surveillance system in the light of China's national conditions, which can facilitate the accurate understanding of occupational hazards in the country through initiative surveillance and investigation with less manpower and material inputs.