Abstract: Objective The present study was designed to analyze the incidence, mortality characteristics and epidemic trends of malignancies in Xiuzhou District in 2003-2005 and provide a scientific basis for health planning and the formulation of health policies. Methods The surveillance data on the incidence and death causes of malignancies in Xiuzhou District from 2003 to 2005 were collected and analyzed. Results Malignancy is the second cause of death in Xiuzhou District. The number of malignant patients was 2184 in 2003-2005, while 1673 of them died, the incidence rate being 235.48/Lakh and mortality rate 180.39/Lakh. The top-five incidence rate and mortality rate of malignancies s were lung cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer and esophageal cancer. The average incidence rate for males was 283.85/Lakh, females 187.13/Lakh. Breast cancer, liver cancer and colorectal cancer were most commonly seen in 15-44 age groups; lung cancer, gastric cancer and colorectal cancer were most in 45-year-old and above age groups. Conclusion Malignancy is the main cause of death among Xiuzhou District residents. The incidence rate and mortality rate of malignancies are statistically significant between males and females. The incidence rate of breast cancer in the region is ranked the sixth for three consecutive years, to which high attention should be paid. The incidence and mortality rate of malignancies increased significantly after the age of 45. Specific health education and early surveillance of malignancies are the key to lowering the incidence rate of malignancies.