Abstract: The study was conducted to evaluate radiation workers' health conditions based on the analysis of micronucleated cell rates in their peripheral blood lymphocytes. A total of 228 radiation workers were enrolled in the analysis of micronucleated cell rates in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Findings of the analysis showed distinguishable differences between the micronucleated cell rate in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of radiation workers and that of the control group (P0.01), whereas no differences were shown between the micronucleated cell rates in peripheral blood lymphocytes in relation to different sexes, different types and different seniority of radiation workers (P0.05). Since it was found that the micronucleated cell rate in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of radiation workers would change after long-term low-dose exposure to radiation, enhanced radiation protection for the staff should be ensured.