Abstract: ObjectiveTo evaluate the immune efficacy of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine for the children in a community. MethodsEnzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to detect HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc in the children serum samples after vaccination. ResultsThe timeliness rate of first dose, the timeliness rate of fully vaccination and the fully vaccination rate of the children increased year by year. The anti-HBs positive rate was 86.12%, hepatitis B vaccine protection rate was 91.74%. In 2006, a total of 735 children aged15 years old by random sampling were surveyed, HBsAg positive rate was 1.09%, a decline of 85.69% compared with 1991 when hepatitis B vaccination had not been included in EPI, anti-HBs positive rate was 65.71% and anti-HBc positive rate was 8.03%, the differences were statistically significant (I/Isup2/sup= 346.70,12.30, IP/I＜0.01). After re-vaccinated with large dose of the vaccine, the anti-HBs positive rate of 102 children who had been anti-HBs negative was 79.41%. Significant difference was observed on the anti-HBs positive rates between the children with booster dose and without booster dose (I/Isup2/sup = 15.61, IP/I＜0.01). ConclusionHepatitis B vaccination among the children in community is effective to improve their immunity, and the anti-HBs positive rate among anti-HBs negative children could be increased by re-vaccinated large dose of the vaccine.