Abstract: ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of rabies virus in dogs in epidemic areas in Lishui. MethodsA total of 198 samples of dog brain were collected in new epidemic areas in Lishui. Specific antigen of rabies virus was detected by DFA and nucleic acid of rabies virus was detected by RT-PCR. ResultsThere were 13 samples which were both DFA-positive and RT-PCR-positive with positive rate of 6.57%(13/198), in which 9 samples were from Songyang county, accounting for 69.23%(9/13).Ten samples were taken from the dogs suspected to be with rabies, accounting for 76.92%(10/13) of positive samples. ConclusionParallel detection of rabies virus by immunology and molecular biology methods could provide more accurate laboratory diagnosis of rabies. People exposed to dog should receive timely post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) in out-patient clinic for rabies, including correct wound treatment, rabies vaccine and antiserum or immunoglobulin injection. It is highly suggested to enhance the management of dog, including dog vaccination.