Abstract: Objective To analyze the frequency and distribution of death caused by injury among residents at present and discuss the major risk factors associated with the death by injury. Methods The data of death by injury among the residents were collected from death cause surveillance system and coded according to ICD-10. Results Between 2006 and 2007, a total of 826 deaths by injury occurred in Gaomi, accounting for 7.87% of the total deaths and ranking fourth among the all death causes, the mortality was 47.96/lakh. Much more deaths occurred in males than in females. Conclusion Traffic accidents, suicide and drowning were the major causes of death by injury in Gaomi. It is necessary to develop corresponding preventive strategy and control measure according to the distribution and major risk factors of the death by injury.