Abstract: Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of gonorrhea and syphilis in Lishi district in L黮iang and provide evidence for the prevention and control of sexual transmitted diseases. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the incidence data of gonorrhea and syphilis in Lishi from 2007 to 2011,which was collected from national disease reporting information system. Results During this period, a total of 183 gonorrhea cases were reported without death, the average annual incidence was 13.57/lakh. The incidence increased from 9.90/lakh in 2007 to 17.97/lakh in 2010 and declined to 14.99/lakh in 2011. A total of 678 syphilis cases were reported without death, the average annual incidence was 50.28/lakh. The incidence increased from 17.02/lakh in 2007 to 66.22/lakh in 2011. Among the reported syphilis cases, latent syphilis cases accounted fro the highest proportion (61.06%), followed by primary syphilis cases (24.34%). Gonorrhea and syphilis cases were mainly distributed in age group 20-49 years, accounting for 70.49% and 61.36% of the total respectively. More gonorrhea cases occurred in males than in females in all age groups, but more syphilis cases occurred in females than in males in younger age group and in males than in females in older age group, the difference was statistical significant. The cases of both gonorrhea and syphilis were mainly distributed in farmers, migrant workers, household servants and the unemployed. Conclusion The overall incidence of syphilis increased in Lishi, it is necessary to strengthen the health education about syphilis prevention and control and take effective detection, treatment and intervention measures to reduce the incidence and stop the spread of syphilis. Due to the close association between syphilis and AIDS, the reduction of syphilis incidence is important for the control of AIDS.