Abstract: Objective To understand the main indicators of deaths statistics of residents in Lanzhou,Gansu province,and provide scientific basis for the development of comprehensive prevention and control strategies and measures for chronic diseases. Methods The data of death causes of Lanzhou in 2015 were collected,and the main causes of death and the expected life expectancy were analyzed. Results The life expectancy of residents in Lanzhou was 79.43 years old(77.68 years old in males and 81.36 years old in females). The crude mortality rate was 480.48/100 000,the standardized mortality rate was 381.99/100 000, the mortality rate in males was higher than that in females;the first five leading causes of death were circulatory system diseases, tumors,respiratory diseases,injury/poisoning/endocrine disease and nutritional/metabolic diseases. The main circulatory system disease deaths were heart disease and cerebrovascular disease,the first three causes of malignant tumor death were lung cancer, gastric cancer and liver cancer. Respiratory disease deaths were mainly caused by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic bronchitis. After removing the first 5 death causes,respectively,the expected life expectancy of different populations increased by 0.43-7.01 years,circulatory disease had the greatest impact on the life expectancy. Conclusion The main cause of death of residents in Lanzhou was chronic non-communicable disease. It is necessary to strengthen the health education, prevention and treatment of common chronic disease and improve the overall health level of residents.