Abstract: To review the past development of patriotic health campaign and look forward to its future development in China, with special focus on the elimination of four pests, and provide evidence for the enrichment and development of patriotic health campaign in new era to achieve the goal set in Healthy China Initiative, this paper analyzes and summarizes the trend of patriotic health campaign and vector prevention and control in China in terms of the reason, current status, exploration and development of the elimination of four pests, suggesting that vector surveillance should be transformed from the routine individual ecology surveillance and drug resistance surveillance into integrated comprehensive ecology, drug resistance, etiology and disease epidemic characteristic surveillance. The importance of sustainable vector management strategy has been more fully recognized by the people, resulting in the continuous improvement of vector prevention and control standards and the emergence of more livable and safe environments in rural villages. Through the mass campaign of building a hygienic city or healthy city, health education and health promotion have become common actions. The patriotic public health campaign is a successful practice of applying the mass line in health promotion and disease prevention in China. It is necessary for us to add new connotations and new impetus for the patriotic health campaign in new era and keep the primary intention of disease prevention and control in mind to facilitate Healthy China Initiative.