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王淑君, 郑文静, 王琦琦, 向祥龙, 李俊琦, 于石成. 基于政策工具的突发公共卫生事件风险防范化解保障政策文本量化分析[J]. 疾病监测, 2023, 38(1): 106-111. DOI: 10.3784/jbjc.202206150267
引用本文: 王淑君, 郑文静, 王琦琦, 向祥龙, 李俊琦, 于石成. 基于政策工具的突发公共卫生事件风险防范化解保障政策文本量化分析[J]. 疾病监测, 2023, 38(1): 106-111. DOI: 10.3784/jbjc.202206150267
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Wang Shujun, Zheng Wenjing, Wang Qiqi, Xiang Xianglong, Li Junqi, Yu Shicheng. Quantitative analysis on supportive policy documents for risk prevention and mitigation of public health emergency based on policy instruments-oriented content[J]. Disease Surveillance, 2023, 38(1): 106-111. DOI: 10.3784/jbjc.202206150267
Citation: Wang Shujun, Zheng Wenjing, Wang Qiqi, Xiang Xianglong, Li Junqi, Yu Shicheng. Quantitative analysis on supportive policy documents for risk prevention and mitigation of public health emergency based on policy instruments-oriented content[J]. Disease Surveillance, 2023, 38(1): 106-111. DOI: 10.3784/jbjc.202206150267
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基于政策工具的突发公共卫生事件风险防范化解保障政策文本量化分析

Quantitative analysis on supportive policy documents for risk prevention and mitigation of public health emergency based on policy instruments-oriented content

    摘要
  • 摘要:
      目的  分析在国家层面上发布的突发公共卫生事件风险防范化解保障政策相关文件，探讨政策工具的侧重点与不足，为政策优化提供参考。
      方法  以1985年1月至2022年5月国务院及有关部委和电子期刊数据库发布的关于突发公共卫生事件保障相关的96份政策文件为研究对象，采用内容分析法，构建突发公共卫生事件保障政策的政策工具和风险管理二维分析框架，利用NVivo12（for Windows）质性分析软件对96份文本进行处理，提取与研究主题相关的文本内容作为分析单元，进行分析研究。
      结果  分析表明发文主体以单部委为主，占72.92%，其中，国务院占比最高，为23.96%。 发文类型以通知为主，占66.67%。 在1290个政策工具维度中，环境型占49.22%，供给型占45.81%，需求型占4.96%；在风险管理模型维度中，事前、事中、事后阶段分别占67.44%、26.74%、5.82%。 在政策工具和风险管理二维度分析中，环境型在事前、事中、事后阶段分别占33.64%、12.33%、3.26%；供给型分别占31.86%、11.64%、2.33%；需求型占1.94%、2.79%、0.23%。
      结论  突发公共卫生事件的风险防范化解保障比较注重使用环境型和供给型政策工具，需求型政策工具使用较少；我国重视环境型和供给型事前阶段的突发公共卫生事件风险防范保障，事后阶段化解保障较为不足。建议针对事后阶段，增加经验交流，加强人力和物资保障等方面政策工具的制定。

     

    Abstract:
      Objective  To explore key points and disadvantages of the policy instruments and provide reference for the optimization of policies related to public health emergency, the supportive policy documents issued by China Central Government and its ministries (commission) were analyzed.
      Methods  The supportive policy documents related to public health emergency issued from January 1985 to May 2020 were collected from official websites and databases, based on risk management model and policy tools, the two-dimensional framework was constructed by using content analysis, and qualitative software Nvivo12 was used to extract contents of 96 texts related for unit analysis.
      Results  Among the 96 policy documents collected, 72.92% were issued by single ministry/commission, of which, the documents by State Council accounted for the largest proportion of 23.96%. In different types of support policy documents, notifications accounted for the largest proportion of 66.67%. Among 1290 policy tools, environment-oriented policy tools accounted for 49.22%, followed by supply-oriented policy tools (45.81%), and demand-oriented policy tools (4.96%). In risk management dimension, the policy tools for prevention stag accounted for 67.44%, followed by the policy tools for response stage (26.74%), and the policy tools for post stage (5.82%). In dimensions of policy tools and risk management, environment-oriented policy tools accounted for 33.64%, 12.33%, 3.26% at three stages; supply-oriented policy tools accounted for 31.86%, 11.64% and 2.33%; and demand-oriented policy tools accounted for 1.94%, 2.79% and 0.23%.
      Conclusion  Environment-oriented and supply-oriented policy tools were mainly used to support risk prevention and mitigation of public health emergencies, while demand-oriented policy tools were obviously insufficient. In China, more attentions have been paid to the environment-oriented and supply-oriented policy tools to support the prevention of public health emergencies in prevention stage compared with the mitigation of public health emergency in post stage. It is suggested to strengthen the development of support policy tools in post stage to improve communication, leadership, personnel and material support, and infrastructure construction.

     

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