安徽省35～75岁居民血脂异常情况及影响因素分析

牛米雪; 邢秀雅; 付连国; 张鸾; 陈叶纪; 王华东; 许精巧; 刘志荣

doi:10.3784/jbjc.202210190458

安徽省35～75岁居民血脂异常情况及影响因素分析

Prevalence of dyslipidemia and influencing factors in residents aged 35–75 years in Anhui

摘要

摘要:
目的了解安徽省35～75岁居民血脂异常现况及影响因素，为血脂异常防治提供科学依据。
方法数据来源于2016—2021年安徽省心血管疾病高危人群早期筛查与综合干预项目，以114 873名35～75岁常住居民作为调查对象，进行问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检测。采用χ²检验、趋势性χ²检验进行组间比较，采用多因素logistic回归模型分析血脂异常的影响因素。
结果 114 873名35～75岁调查对象中共有血脂异常31 267例（27.21%），标化血脂异常率为27.71%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，高学历初中：比值比（OR）＝1.173，95%可信区间（CI）：1.134～1.213；高中：OR＝1.449，95%CI：1.375～1.527；大学及以上：OR＝1.547，95% CI：1.440～1.661、高家庭年收入（10 000～50 000元：OR＝1.108，95%CI：1.065～1.153；＞50 000元：OR＝1.346，95%CI：1.283～1.412）、在婚（OR＝1.102，95%CI：1.051～1.156）、肥胖（OR＝1.392，95%CI：1.347～1.439）、超重（OR＝1.539，95%CI：1.468～1.613）、中心性肥胖（OR＝1.357，95%CI：1.312～1.403）、吸烟（OR＝1.160，95%CI：1.119～1.203）与血脂异常患病高风险相关。居住在城市（OR＝0.871，95% CI：0.845～0.898）、低体质量（OR＝0.578，95%CI：0.509～0.656）、饮酒（OR＝0.745，95%CI：0.715～0.777）、位于安徽省中部（OR＝0.820，95%CI：0.791～0.849）、位于安徽省南部（OR＝0.852，95%CI：0.823～0.883）与血脂异常患病低风险相关，均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。
结论安徽省血脂异常患病率略低，但血脂异常整体防控形式仍不容乐观，提倡控制体质量、戒烟，应加强对农村居民、高学历和高家庭年收入人群血脂异常的日常监测和针对性的干预。

Abstract:
Objective To investigate the prevalence of dyslipidemia in residents aged 35−75 years and risk factors in Anhui province, and provide evidence for the management of dyslipidemia.
Methods The data of the study were from the early screening and comprehensive intervention program in population at high risk for cardiovascular disease in Anhui from 2016 to 2021. A total of 114 873 local residents aged 35−75 years were selected for questionnaire survey, physical examination and laboratory testing, and χ² test and trend χ² test were used for comparative analysis, the factors affecting the dyslipidemia prevalence were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model.
Results In 114 873 local residents aged 35−75 years, 31 267 dyslipidemia cases were found (27.21%), and the standardized prevalence rate was 27.71%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that high education level junior high school: odds ratio(OR)＝1.173, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.134−1.213; senior high school: OR＝1.449, 95%CI: 1.375−1.527; college and above: OR＝1.547, 95%CI: 1.440−1.661, marriage (OR＝1.102, 95%CI: 1.051−1.156), high annual income of family (10 000−50 000 yuan: OR＝1.108, 95%CI: 1.065−1.153, >50 000 yuan: OR＝1.346, 95%CI: 1.283−1.412) obesity (OR＝1.392, 95%CI: 1.347−1.439), overweight (OR＝1.539, 95%CI: 1.468−1.613), central obesity (OR＝1.357, 95%CI: 1.312−1.403), and smoking (OR＝1.160, 95%CI: 1.119−1.203) were associated with high risk for dyslipidemia. Living in urban area (OR＝0.871, 95%CI: 0.845−0.898), low body weight (OR＝0.578, 95%CI: 0.509−0.656), alcohol drinking (OR＝0.745, 95%CI: 0.715−0.777), living in central Anhui (OR＝0.820, 95%CI: 0.791−0.849), and living in southern Anhui (OR＝0.852, 95%CI: 0.823−0.883) were associated with low risk for dyslipidemia, the differences were significant (all P<0.05).
Conclusion The prevalence rate of dyslipidemia in Anhui was relatively low, but it is still necessary to pay attention to the prevention and control of dyslipidemia. Body weight control and smoking cessation are promoted and surveillance for dyslipidemia and targeted intervention should be conducted in rural residents, people with high education level and high family annual income.

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