2011－2020年浙江省嘉兴市老年肺结核流行病学特征分析

王远航; 富小飞; 亓云鹏; 胡洁

doi:10.3784/jbjc.202211100498

2011－2020年浙江省嘉兴市老年肺结核流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in the elderly in Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 2011−2020

摘要

摘要:
目的系统分析浙江省嘉兴市60岁及以上肺结核患者流行病学特征，为进一步优化老年结核病防控策略提供依据。
方法从“结核病信息管理系统”导出2011—2020年嘉兴市肺结核病案资料，汇总整理相关数据，计数资料用构成比或率描述，组间比较采用χ²检验，通过描述性流行病学方法分析嘉兴市老年肺结核的疾病分布、发现方式和就诊延迟情况。
结果 2011—2020年嘉兴市≥ 60岁老年人群肺结核年均登记率为58.20/10万，为＜60岁人群（33.30/10万）的1.75倍（χ²=1 108.686，P＜0.05）；老年病原学阳性肺结核年均登记率为36.98/10万，是＜60岁人群（14.33/10万）的2.58倍（χ²=1 885.435，P＜0.05）。老年男性肺结核登记率为91.52/10万，女性为27.37/10万，男性登记率约为女性的3.34倍（χ²=1 448.531，P＜0.05）。老年肺结核在60～64岁年龄段人群登记数占比最高，为20.84%；80～84岁年龄段人群年均登记率最高，为87.18 /10 万（χ²=542.467，P＜0.05）。老年患者复治比例（9.28%）是其他人群（5.54%）的1.68倍（χ²=79.176，P＜0.05）；老年肺结核患者就诊延迟率为43.74%，＜60岁患者就诊延迟率为39.14%，差异有统计学意义（χ²=30.424，P＜0.05）。
结论嘉兴市老年肺结核登记率总体呈下降趋势，但病原学阳性病例占比较高，防控形势依然相当严峻。应重点加强对老年人群的肺结核防控力度，减少就诊延误，做好老年肺结核的早期发现工作。

Abstract:
Objective To understand the epidemiologic characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in the elderly aged ≥ 60 years in Jiaxing, Zhejiang province, and provide evidence for the further improvement of pulmonary TB prevention and control in the elderly.
Methods Based on the Tuberculosis Management Information System, the information of pulmonary TB cases in Jiaxing from 2011 to 2020 were collected for a descriptive epidemiological analysis on the distribution, detection way and diagnosis delay of pulmonary TB in the elderly in Jiaxing during 2011−2020.
Results The average annual registration rate of pulmonary TB in the elderly (≥60 years old) in Jiaxing was 58.20/100 000, which was 1.75 times higher than that in those aged ＜60 years (33.30/100 000) (χ²=1108.686, P＜0.05). The average annual registration rate of pulmonary TB with positive etiology in the elderly was 36.98/100 000, which was 2.58 times higher than that in those aged ＜60 years (14.33/100 000) (χ²=1885.435, P＜0.05). The registration rates of pulmonary TB in men and women were 91.52/100 000 and 27.37/100 000, respectively, the rate was 3.34 times in men than in women (χ²=1448.531, P＜0.05). The registered cases aged 60–64 accounted for the highest proportion (20.84%) and annual pulmonary TB registration rate of patients aged 80–84 was highest (87.18/100 000)（χ²=542.467, P＜0.05）. The proportion of retreated patients aged ≥60 years (9.28%) was 1.68 times higher than that of retreated patients aged ＜60 years (5.54%) (χ²=79.176, P＜0.05). The proportion of diagnosis delay in age group ≥60 years (43.74%) was also higher than that in age group ＜60 years (39.14%), the difference was significant (χ²=30.424, P＜0.05).
Conclusion Although the registration rate of pulmonary TB in the elderly in Jiaxing showed a decreasing trend, the proportion of pulmonary TB cases with positive etiology was high, posing a serious challenge to the prevention and control efforts. It is important to strengthen the pulmonary TB prevention and control, reduce diagnosis delay and improve case finding in the elderly

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