Objective To understand the treatment outcome of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) and analyze the influencing factors.

Methods Information related to treatments and outcomes of 1 165 patients with multidrug-resistant TB registered and reported in the Tuberculosis Reporting System of Henan Province were collected through a questionnaire survey in 2022 for a retrospective analysis. Software SPSS 27.0 was used for the descriptive epidemiological analysis, and the influencing factors for treatment outcome were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results Of the 1165 patients with multidrug-resistant TB, 54.7% had benign outcomes (successful treatment). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk for adverse outcome was 2.380 times higher in age group ≥65 years than in age group ≤25 years odds ratio (OR)=0.390, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.220−4.643, the risk for adverse outcome in patients with body mass index (BMI) ≥24.0 kg/m² was 39.0% higher than that in those with a BMI ≤18.4 kg/m² (OR=0.390, 95%CI: 0.182 to 0.834), the risk for adverse outcomes was 1.149 times higher in patients with repeated treatment than that in newly detected patients (OR=1.149, 95%CI: 1.026 to 1.287), the risk for adverse outcome was 1.709 times higher in patients without regular exercise than in patients with regular exercise (OR=1.709, 95%CI: 1.128 to 2.589), and the risk for adverse outcome was 3.762 times higher in patients with more than 14 days of treatment interruption for multidrug-resistant therapy than in patients without treatment interruption (OR=3.762, 95%CI: 2.100 to 6.739).

Conclusion The treatment success rate of multidrug-resistant TB patients in Henan was moderate in China, but the number of patients was high. It is necessary to pay attention to the patients with older age, retreatment and poor nutritional status, promote regular exercise and improve patient compliance with treatment to increase the success rate of TB treatment.